Biochars from local agricultural waste residues contribute to soil quality and plant growth in a Cerrado region (Brazil) Arenosol |
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| Authors: | Alicia B. Speratti Mark S. Johnson Heiriane Martins Sousa Higo J. Dalmagro Eduardo Guimarães Couto |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;2. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Agricultura Tropical, Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil;4. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Ciências Ambiental, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil;5. Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Arenosols (sandy soils) in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, are increasingly used for maize production, the second most important crop in the region after soybean. Yet, these soils are typically nutrient poor with low soil water retention, requiring high fertilizer inputs that are often lost in surface runoff or leached. The addition of biochar, a more recalcitrant organic amendment, may therefore be beneficial in Cerrado Arenosols, contributing to sustainable crop production in the region. To examine biochar contribution to soil nutrient levels and maize growth in a Cerrado Arenosol, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using biochars made from local agricultural waste feedstocks. These were cotton husks, swine manure, eucalyptus sawmill residue, and sugarcane filtercake, pyrolyzed at 400 °C, and applied to soil at five rates: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight. Maize plants were grown under unstressed conditions (e.g., no nutrient or water limitations) to highlight any possible negative effects of the biochars. After 42 days, soils were analyzed for nutrient levels, and plant physical and physiological measurements were taken. Filtercake biochar had the highest plant biomass and physiological properties (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen use efficiency), while cotton biochar had the lowest. Importantly, maize biomass decreased with increasing application rates of cotton and swine manure biochars, while biomass did not vary in response to biochar application rate for filtercake and eucalyptus biochars. In this study, we found that while each biochar exhibited potential for improving chemical and physical properties of Cerrado Arenosols, filtercake biochar stood out as most promising. Biochar application rate was identified a key factor in ensuring crop productivity. Transforming these agricultural residues readily available in the region into more stable biochar can thus contribute to sustainable crop management and soil conservation, providing an alternative form of waste disposal for these residual materials. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural wastes Arenosol biochar Brazil Cerrado plant physiology soil nutrients sustainable crop management |
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