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Overexpression of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase contributes to tumour metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors:Xiaoxia Wang  Wujian Xu  Ping Zhan  Tianxiang Xu  Jiajia Jin  Yingying Miu  Zejun Zhou  Qingqing Zhu  Bing Wan  Guangmin Xi  Liang Ye  Yafang Liu  Jianwei Gao  Huijuan Li  Tangfeng Lv  Yong Song
Affiliation:1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China;2. Intensive Care Unit, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China;3. Center of Tumor, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
Abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the biological role of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. GGPPS expression was detected in lung adenocarcinoma tissues by qRT‐PCR, tissue microarray (TMA) and western blotting. The relationships between GGPPS expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients were assessed. GGPPS was down‐regulated in SPCA‐1, PC9 and A549 cells using siRNA and up‐regulated in A549 cells using an adenoviral vector. The biological roles of GGPPS in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined by MTT and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and transwell and wound‐healing assays, respectively. In addition, the regulatory roles of GGPPS on the expression of several epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined. Furthermore, the Rac1/Cdc42 prenylation was detected after knockdown of GGPPS in SPCA‐1 and PC9 cells. GGPPS expression was significantly increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of GGPPS was correlated with large tumours, high TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients. Knockdown of GGPPS inhibited the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells, but did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, GGPPS inhibition significantly increased the expression of E‐cadherin and reduced the expression of N‐cadherin and vimentin in lung adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, the Rac1/Cdc42 geranylgeranylation was reduced by GGPPS knockdown. Overexpression of GGPPS correlates with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and contributes to metastasis through regulating EMT.
Keywords:geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase  lung adenocarcinoma  prognosis  epithelial‐mesenchymal transition  metastasis  protein prenylation
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