| 磷肥对土壤中镉的植物有效性影响及其机理 |
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| 引用本文： | 于昕,卜文俊,朱琳. 磷肥对土壤中镉的植物有效性影响及其机理[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(6): 1585-1590 |
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| 作者姓名： | 于昕 卜文俊 朱琳 |
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| 作者单位： | (;1.湖南省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125; ;2.农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室, 长沙 410125; ;3.中南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙 410125) |
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| 摘 要： | 为寻求保障镉污染农田稻米质量安全的有效措施，采用盆栽方法研究了低镉磷肥(Cd＜0.2 mg·kg-1)及不同施磷量(0.10、0.20 g P2O5·kg-1)对污染稻田土壤中(潮泥田)镉的植物有效性影响，并探讨了相关机理.结果表明： 在0.10 g·kg-1磷剂量水平下，与对照(无磷肥)相比，钙镁磷和磷酸二氢钾处理显著提高了土壤pH和降低了土壤镉活性，钙镁磷和过磷酸钙处理显著降低了水稻对镉的吸收累积；当施磷量增至0.20 g·kg-1时，磷酸氢钙处理显著提高了土壤pH和降低了土壤镉活性，钙镁磷、磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢钙处理下DTPA提取态镉含量降低11.8%、9.8%和11.8%，NH4OAc提取态镉含量降低9.5%、7.1%和7.1%；5种磷肥处理均显著降低了水稻茎叶中镉含量(降幅24.9%～50.8%)，除磷酸氢钙处理外，糙米镉含量的降幅均达到显著水平，钙镁磷和过磷酸钙处理下糙米镉含量接近国家粮食卫生标准(GB 2715-2005).5种供试磷肥中，能提高土壤pH的磷肥(钙镁磷、磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢钙)降低土壤镉有效性的效果显著，含钙磷肥(钙镁磷和过磷酸钙)降低水稻镉积累的效果较好.磷肥化学性质的差异可能是影响其效果的主要原因，选择碱性含钙磷肥对控制污染农田中作物吸收累积镉更有效.
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| 关 键 词： | 磷肥 镉 土壤 植物有效性 水稻 |
Research advances in eco-environment assessment using dragonfly as a bioindicator |
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| YU Xin , BU Wen-jun , ZHU Lin. Research advances in eco-environment assessment using dragonfly as a bioindicator[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(6): 1585-1590 |
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| Authors: | YU Xin BU Wen-jun ZHU Lin |
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| Affiliation: | (;1.Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; ;2.Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agri Environment in the Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Changsha 410125, China; ;3.Longping Branch of Graduate School of Central South University, Changsha 410125, China) |
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| Abstract: | Dragonfly,due to its wide distribution,in-depth research and easy to sample,is an ideal bioindicator for eco-environment assessment.In recent decades,more and more related researches are using dragonfly to assess eco-environment.In this review,the related researches were generalized into five types,i.e.,general environmental assessment,environment pollution degree assessment,environmental improvement assessment,climate change assessment,and large-scale environmental assessment,and a brief introduction for each type of the researches was given.The current status and deficiency of the researches in China were discussed,and the broad prospects of using dragonfly as a bioindicator for eco-environment assessment were analyzed through the comparison of the superiority of this bioindicator than the others.It was point out that to build up a thoroughly sourced database of dragonfly diversity in China and to develop specific assessment methods could be the most important things to make progress.Using dragonfly as a bioindicator to assess ecological environment would be low-cost,high-efficient,and environmentally friendly,not only important but also necessary to the needs of China today’s economic development. |
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| Keywords: | eco-environment assessment dragonfly bioindicator biodiversity. |
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