Exploiting Lithium–Ether Co‐Intercalation in Graphite for High‐Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries |
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| Authors: | Kyungmi Lim Gabin Yoon Jae‐Hyuk Park Kyojin Ku Yung‐Eun Sung Kisuk Kang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Gwanak‐gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, Gwanak‐gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The intercalation of lithium ions into graphite electrode is the key underlying mechanism of modern lithium‐ion batteries. However, co‐intercalation of lithium‐ions and solvent into graphite is considered undesirable because it can trigger the exfoliation of graphene layers and destroy the graphite crystal, resulting in poor cycle life. Here, it is demonstrated that the [lithium–solvent]+ intercalation does not necessarily cause exfoliation of the graphite electrode and can be remarkably reversible with appropriate solvent selection. First‐principles calculations suggest that the chemical compatibility of the graphite host and [lithium–solvent]+ complex ion strongly affects the reversibility of the co‐intercalation, and comparative experiments confirm this phenomenon. Moreover, it is revealed that [lithium–ether]+ co‐intercalation of natural graphite electrode enables much higher power capability than normal lithium intercalation, without the risk of lithium metal plating, with retention of ≈87% of the theoretical capacity at current density of 1 A g?1. This unusual high rate capability of the co‐intercalation is attributed to the (i) absence of the desolvation step, (ii) negligible formation of the solid–electrolyte interphase on graphite surface, and (iii) fast charge‐transfer kinetics. This work constitutes the first step toward the utilization of fast and reversible [lithium–solvent]+ complex ion intercalation chemistry in graphite for rechargeable battery technology. |
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| Keywords: | co‐intercalation first‐principles calculations graphite high‐power batteries lithium‐ion batteries |
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