| 国际鱼道适应性管理体系综述及对中国的启示 |
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| 引用本文： | LI Wei-Wei,BAO Jiang-Hui,ZHANG Chao-Shuo,WANG Li-Wei,LI Hong-Tao,WEN Jing-Ya,DUAN Ming. 国际鱼道适应性管理体系综述及对中国的启示[J]. 水生生物学报, 2018, 42(6): 1240-1252. DOI: 10.7541/2018.152 |
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| 作者姓名： | LI Wei-Wei BAO Jiang-Hui ZHANG Chao-Shuo WANG Li-Wei LI Hong-Tao WEN Jing-Ya DUAN Ming |
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| 摘 要： | 为便于目标鱼类能够在河流系统中顺利通过大坝等障碍物, 已有大量的人力、物力投入到鱼道等过鱼设施的开发、建设以及修复中。如今, 鱼道科学已逐步发展成为以工程学为中心, 涵盖鱼类行为学、社会经济学和复杂建模(河流网络通道优先选择)等多学科交叉的一门学科。建设高效的鱼道等过鱼设施(延迟洄游时间短, 洄游后负面影响小), 需要适应性的管理和连续的创新。中国过鱼设施建设如火如荼, 但是完善的过鱼设施全过程管理体系亟待建立。文章对1991年至2017年国外鱼道适应性管理体系相关文献(包括开发、建设和管理等方面)进行了综述。其中检索词为“鱼道(Fishway)”、“鱼类通道(Fish passage)”、“鱼(Fish)”和“大坝(Dam)”。研究表明, 国外的过鱼设施逐步由经济种群保护向生物多样性保护发展、上行通道向下行通道发展、单一工程建设向流域整体发展、单一过鱼功能向生境补充发展、单纯工程建设向适应性管理发展。最后, 文章讨论并展望了中国鱼道等过鱼设施的全过程适应性管理体系的发展前景。
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| 关 键 词： | 大坝 过鱼设施 鱼道 河流连通性恢复 管理体系 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-02-08 |
A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL FISHWAYS ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT PROSPECTS FOR CHINA |
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| Abstract: | Many efforts have been devoted to developing, constructing and refining fishways or fish passage facilities to facilitate the target fish species to pass barriers in fluvial systems. Once dominated by an engineering-focused approach, fishways science nowadays involves a wide range of disciplines from fish behaviour to socioeconomics, and to complex modeling of passage prioritization options in river networks. Designing efficient fishways, with minimal passage delay and post-passage impacts, requires adaptive management and continued innovations. After the completion of fishways construction, corresponding management systems usually need to be improved as well. In the current study, we first reviewed international fishways adaptive management systems (e.g., aspects of development, construction, and management) from 1991 to 2017 reporting on " fishway”, " fish passage”, " fish” and " dam”. The functions of fishways gradually transferred from conservation of economic stocks to overall biodiversity conservation, from facilitating upwards to both upwards and downwards passages, from developing a single project to considering the entire river basin, from fish passing function to habitats restorations as well, and from pure engineering construction to considering adaptive management. Finally, we discussed adaptive management systems and management prospects of fishways for China. |
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