| 生物质炭与氮肥配施对红壤线虫群落的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 卢焱焱,王明伟,陈小云,刘满强,陈效民,成艳红,黄欠如,胡锋. 生物质炭与氮肥配施对红壤线虫群落的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 263 |
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| 作者姓名： | 卢焱焱 王明伟 陈小云 刘满强 陈效民 成艳红 黄欠如 胡锋 |
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| 作者单位： | (;1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095; ;2.江西红壤研究所, 南昌 331717) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用生物质炭改良土壤近年来受到关注，但仍缺乏对土壤动物群落变化的认识.基于野外定位试验，研究了不同用量的生物质炭(0、10、20、30、40 t·hm-2)与氮肥(60、90、120 kg N·hm-2)配施对干旱期和湿润期红壤理化性质和线虫群落的影响.结果表明： 施用生物质炭在干旱期和湿润期均显著影响土壤含水量和pH.随生物质炭施用量的增加，土壤含水量先增加后降低，而土壤pH保持增加的趋势.土壤微生物生物量碳氮、碳氮比及基础呼吸均受到生物质炭和氮肥的显著影响，且低量生物质炭对微生物生物量碳氮、碳氮比及基础呼吸有刺激作用，而高量生物质炭则对其有抑制作用.如生物质炭施用量低于30 t·hm-2时，在干旱期和湿润期均促进土壤微生物活性.此外，生物质炭的效果也依赖于不同采样时期.如在施用量高于30 t·hm-2时，微生物生物量碳在干旱期显著高于对照，在湿润期与对照无显著差异；而微生物生物量氮则呈相反趋势.可溶性有机物和矿质氮在干旱期受到生物质炭和氮肥的显著影响，但是在湿润期仅受到氮肥的影响.生物质炭、氮肥及二者的交互作用在干旱期和湿润期均显著影响线虫数量及营养类群的结构.高量生物质炭和氮肥配施能够提高土壤线虫的数量.值得注意的是，生物质炭显著提高了干旱期食真菌线虫的比例，尤其在干旱期趋势明显，暗示在生物质炭作用下土壤食物网结构趋向于以真菌主导的能流通道.总之，生物质炭对红壤的效果呈现出复杂的影响趋势，不仅依赖于生物质炭的施用量及与氮肥的交互作用，而且与红壤的采样时期有关，表明今后生物质炭的研究应结合多种生态因子.
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Influences of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil nematode assemblage of upland red soil |
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| LU Yan-yan,WANG Ming-wei,CHEN Xiao-yun,LIU Man-qiang,CHEN Xiao-min,CHENG Yan-hong,HUANG Qian-ru,HU Feng. Influences of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil nematode assemblage of upland red soil[J]. The journal of applied ecology, 2016, 27(1): 263 |
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| Authors: | LU Yan-yan WANG Ming-wei CHEN Xiao-yun LIU Man-qiang CHEN Xiao-min CHENG Yan-hong HUANG Qian-ru HU Feng |
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| Affiliation: | (College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; ;2.Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang 331717, China) |
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| Abstract: | The use of biochar as soil remediation amendment has received more and more concerns, but little attention has been paid to its effect on soil fauna. Based on the field experiment in an upland red soil, we studied the influences of different application rates of biochar (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t·hm-2) and nitrogen fertilizer (60, 90, 120 kg N·hm-2) on soil basic properties and nematode assemblages during drought and wet periods. Our results showed that the biochar amendment significantly affect soil moisture and pH regardless of drought or wet period. With the increasing of biochar application, soil pH significantly increased, while soil moisture increased first and then decreased. Soil microbial properties (microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, microbial biomass C/N, basal respiration) were also significantly affected by the application of biochar and N fertilizer. Low doses of biochar could stimulate the microbial activity, while high doses depressed microbial activity. For example, averaged across different N application rates, biochar amendment at less than 30 t·hm-2 could increase microbial activity in the drought and wet periods. Besides, the effects of biochar also depended on wet or drought period. When the biochar application rate higher than 30 t·hm-2, the microbial biomass C was significantly higher in the drought period than the control, but no differences were observed in the wet period. On the contrary, microbial biomass N showed a reverse pattern. Dissolved organic matter and mineral N were affected by biochar and N fertilizer significantly in the drought period, however, in the wet period they were only affected by N fertilizer rather than biochar. There was significant interaction between biochar and N fertilizer on soil nematode abundance and nematode trophic composition independent of sampling period. Combined high doses of both biochar and N fertilization promoted soil nematode abundance. Moreover, the biochar amendment increased the proportion of fungivores especially in the drought period, suggesting the biochar was the preferred fungal energy channel in comparison to soil without biochar addition. In summary, complex patterns occurred not only due to the application rate of biochar as well as their interactions with N fertilization but also due to the drought and wet periods. It is, therefore, necessary to consider different ecological factors when evaluating the effects of biochar in future. |
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