Genes and enzymes involved in caffeic acid biosynthesis in the actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis |
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| Authors: | Berner Martin Krug Daniel Bihlmaier Corina Vente Andreas Müller Rolf Bechthold Andreas |
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| Affiliation: | Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit?t Freiburg im Breisgau, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 (VF), 79104 Freiburg, Germany. |
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| Abstract: | The saccharomicins A and B, produced by the actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis, are oligosaccharide antibiotics. They consist of 17 monosaccharide units and the unique aglycon N-(m,p-dihydroxycinnamoyl)taurine. To investigate candidate genes responsible for the formation of trans-m,p-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) as part of the saccharomicin aglycon, gene expression experiments were carried out in Streptomyces fradiae XKS. It is shown that the biosynthetic pathway for trans-caffeic acid proceeds from L-tyrosine via trans-p-coumaric acid directly to trans-caffeic acid, since heterologous expression of sam8, encoding a tyrosine ammonia-lyase, led to the production of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (coumaric acid), and coexpression of sam8 and sam5, the latter encoding a 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, led to the production of trans-m,p-dihydroxycinnamic acid. This is not in accordance with the general phenylpropanoid pathway in plants, where trans-p-coumaric acid is first activated before the 3-hydroxylation of its ring takes place. |
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