| 温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂滞育诱导及滞育茧的低温冷藏 |
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| 引用本文： | 路子云,冉红凡,刘文旭,屈振刚,刘小侠,李建成,张青文. 温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂滞育诱导及滞育茧的低温冷藏[J]. 昆虫学报, 2014, 57(10): 1206-1212 |
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| 作者姓名： | 路子云 冉红凡 刘文旭 屈振刚 刘小侠 李建成 张青文 |
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| 作者单位： | （1. 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所, 农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心, 河北保定 071000; 2. 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院, 北京 100193） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】为明确诱导管侧沟茧蜂Microplitis tuberculifer 滞育的主要因子，在田间和室内研究了不同温度和光周期下管侧沟茧蜂的滞育率和滞育茧的最佳冷藏温度。【方法】田间实验分别从8月31日到9月25日每隔5 d在室外罩笼内释放管侧沟茧蜂寄生的粘虫幼虫，待寄生蜂结茧后统计子代蜂的滞育率。室内实验共设5个不同温度（16℃, 18℃, 20℃, 22℃和24℃）和7个不同光周期（6L:18D, 8L:16D, 10L:14D, 12L:12D, 14L:10D, 16L:8D和18L:6D），分别统计寄生蜂在各个处理条件下的滞育率。【结果】在河北中部地区秋季自然条件下，8月底当日平均气温为24.4℃，日平均光照时间为12 h 51 min 时，少数蛹（5.08%）开始进入滞育；9月25日，当日平均气温为17.2℃，日平均光照时间为11 h 36 min以下时，几乎所有蛹个体进入滞育，滞育率达到99.70%。在室内人工控制条件下，当温度为22℃以上，无论光周期如何变化，管侧沟茧蜂不能进入滞育，所结茧全部为非滞育茧。温度为22℃以下存在光周期反应，在温度16℃, 18℃和20℃，光周期10L:14D时形成滞育茧数量最多，滞育率分别为100%, 89.75% 和 29.58%。可见温度和光周期二者共同影响管侧沟茧蜂的滞育。滞育茧在0℃左右条件下冷藏 240 d 和5℃左右环境条件下冷藏180 d, 成虫的羽化率和寄生能力与发育茧差异不显著(P>0.05)；0℃条件下冷藏300 d，滞育茧仍有79%可以正常羽化。【结论】该寄生蜂在秋季进入滞育主要是低温条件和短光照反应相互作用的结果，滞育茧在0℃和5℃温度下至少可以保存240 d。这些结果对管侧沟茧蜂的大规模繁殖和滞育茧的保存具有重要参考价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 管侧沟茧蜂 滞育 滞育诱导 光周期 温度 冷藏 |
Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Microplitis tuberculifer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the cold storage of its diapause pupae |
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| LU Zi-Yun,RAN Hong-Fan,LIU Wen-Xu,QU Zhen-Gang,LIU Xiao-Xia,LI Jian-Cheng,ZHANG Qing-Wen. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Microplitis tuberculifer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the cold storage of its diapause pupae[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2014, 57(10): 1206-1212 |
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| Authors: | LU Zi-Yun RAN Hong-Fan LIU Wen-Xu QU Zhen-Gang LIU Xiao-Xia LI Jian-Cheng ZHANG Qing-Wen |
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| Affiliation: | （1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; 2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China） |
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| Abstract: | 【Aim】 In order to study what factors impact the diapauses of Microplitis tuberculifer, the effect of temperature and photoperiod on diapause induction and storage condition of diapause cocoons of M. tuberculifer were studied in the field during the late summer and in the laboratory. 【Methods】 The diapause rates of M. tuberculifer were investigated in the field cages when the parasitized host larvae were released into the cages every 5 days from August 31 to September 25 and in the laboratory under the conditions of five temperatures （16, 18, 20, 22 and 24℃）and seven photoperiods (6L:18D, 8L:16D, 10L:14D, 12L:12D, 14L:10D, 16L:8D and 18L:6D). 【Results】 The field tests in the central of Hebei Province showed that when the average daily temperature was 24.4℃ and the average daylength was 12 hours and 51 minutes, only a few of M. tuberculifer pupae (5.08%) entered diapause; and when the average daily temperature was below 17.2℃ and the average daylength was shorter than 11 hours and 36 minutes, almost all of M. tuberculifer pupae (99.70%) entered diapause. No diapause was observed when the temperature was > 22℃ regardless of the photoperiod. Only a small part of population (6.0%-25.9%) entered diapause at 20℃ under short daylengths of 6L:18D to 12L:12D. In contrast, when the larvae were exposed to 16, 18 and 20℃ combined with a photoperiod of 10L:14D, the percentages of parasitoids that entered pupal diapause were 100%, 89.75% and 29.58%, respectively. The emergence rate and the parasitic ability showed no significant difference between adults emerged from the diapause cocoons stored at 0℃ for 240 d and 5℃ for 180 d and those from the non diapause cocoons without cold storage (P>0.05). After cold storage at 0℃ for 300 d, the emergence rate of the diapause cocoons could still reach to 79%. 【Conclusion】 Temperature and photoperiod, or their interaction, are the most common diapause inducing stimuli of the parasitoid. The results of this study would be valuable for mass rearing and storage of diapause cocoons of M. tuberculifer. |
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| Keywords: | Microplitis tuberculifer diapause diapause induction photoperiod temperature cold storage |
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