| 外来杂草在我国的危害性及其管理对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 强胜,曹学章. 外来杂草在我国的危害性及其管理对策[J]. 生物多样性, 2001, 9(2): 188-195 |
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| 作者姓名： | 强胜 曹学章 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京农业大学杂草研究室,
2. 国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所, |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为国家环境保护局“外来种对我国农业生产和生物多样性的影响及对策”课题的一部分 |
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| 摘 要： | 外来杂草已对我国的农作物生产、果园、草坪、环境和生物多样性等赞成了严重危害。外来杂草之所以能在传入地产生危害，与它们所具有的特性和当地缺乏环境阻力密切相关。对外来杂草的管理应从防止外来杂草传入和对现有的外来杂草初稿除两方面采取措施。防止传入的措施包括：（1）加强植物检疫；（2）建立外来植物引种驯化的风险性评价制度；（3）鼓励利用本土植物。对现有外来杂草的防除，则应采取综合性的防除措施：（1）防治生态破坏；（2）开展外来杂草的生物控制；（3）利用经济植物进行生境替代控制；（4）开展对外来杂草的利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 外来杂草 危害 杂草管理 对策 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-0094(2001)02-0188-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2000-11-26 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000-11-26 |
Harmfulness of exoticweeds in China and for their management |
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| QIANG Sheng,CAO Xue-Zhang. Harmfulness of exoticweeds in China and for their management[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2001, 9(2): 188-195 |
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| Authors: | QIANG Sheng CAO Xue-Zhang |
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| Affiliation: | QIANG Sheng 1,CAO Xue Zhang 2 1 Weed Research Laboratory,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095 2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science,State Evironmental Protection Administration of China,Nanjing 210042 |
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| Abstract: | Exotic weeds have caused serious harm to crop production, orchards, lawns, natural environment and biodiversity in China. This is closely related to certain characteristics of the exotic weeds and to lack of environmental resistance. To manage exotic weeds, measures should be taken in two aspects: one is prevention of introduction of exotic weeds, and the other is control of existing ones. In the former aspect, measures that should be taken include: 1) reinforcing plant quarantine; 2) establishing a risk assessment system for introduction of exotic plants, and 3) encouraging the utilization of native plants. In the latter aspect, the following comprehensive measures should be taken: 1) controlling ecological destruction; 2) conducting biological control of exotic weeds; 3) using economic plants as habitat displacement control agents, and 4) conducting utilization of exotic weeds. |
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| Keywords: | exotic weeds harmfulness weed management strategy |
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