| 棉铃虫迁飞规律及其与寄主植物的互作关系研究进展概况 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭予元. 棉铃虫迁飞规律及其与寄主植物的互作关系研究进展概况[J]. 昆虫学报, 1997, 40(-1): 1-6 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭予元 |
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| 摘 要： | 用飞行磨、透射电镜、风洞等测定了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Htibner)成虫的飞行能力和飞行肌结构的变化，结合不同虫源滞育条件及抗寒能力比较、蛹与成虫的形态学比较及分子生物学标记、幼虫抗药性地理分布、海轮上捕捉、成虫携带花粉的分析和小规模成虫颜色标记-释放-回收试验，证明棉铃虫是一种典型的兼性迁飞性害虫；初步推断辽河流域特早熟棉区的棉铃虫虫源来自黄河流域棉区，各相邻的棉区之间有频繁的棉铃虫种群交流。观察棉铃虫触角上不同类型嗅觉感器的形态和分布，用EAG、GC-EAG、GC-MS等测试分析了棉铃虫对不同植物各器官抽提物的电生理反应及抽提物中的活性组分。发现吸引棉铃虫取食的挥发性它感化合物主要为极性较小的单萜烯类，而吸引其产卵的主要为倍半萜烯类及其它一些极性较大的化合物。改进了测定棉株内抗生性次生代谢产物的定性、定量方法，研究了棉酚、单宁对棉铃虫发育、繁殖的影响及2类次生物间的交互作用，通过杂交初步探讨了棉花常规抗虫性的遗传特性，并尝试了切断胚轴和转Bt基因内生菌处理棉花增强抗虫性的作用。认为在利用棉花自然抗虫性的同时，应结合各种人为手段增强其抗性，使其在棉铃虫猖獗条件下发挥更大的控制作用。从气候、营养、天敌、抗药性等方面研究了棉铃虫猖獗原因，初步认为：气候干旱是棉铃虫暴发的最主要环境条件，施肥水平特别是施氮量的日益增高是棉铃虫严重性上升的主要物质基础，而不合理使用化学农药是造成棉铃虫种群失控的主要人为因子。
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| 关 键 词： | 棉铃虫 迁飞 滞育 植物它感化合物 棉花次生代谢物 抗虫性 猖獗因子 |
PROGRESS IN THE RESEARCHES ON MIGRATION REGULARITY OF COTTON BOLLWORM AND REATION- SHIPS BETWEEN THE PEST AND ITS HOST PLANTS |
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| Guo Yuyuan. PROGRESS IN THE RESEARCHES ON MIGRATION REGULARITY OF COTTON BOLLWORM AND REATION- SHIPS BETWEEN THE PEST AND ITS HOST PLANTS[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 1997, 40(-1): 1-6 |
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| Authors: | Guo Yuyuan |
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| Abstract: | The flight ability and changes of flight muscle structures after flight of cotton bollworm (CBW) Helicoverpa arrnigera (Htibner) were systematically tested for thefirst time in China by applying flight mill, wind tunnel and electron-microscope. Based on these data combined with the results of the different diapause and cold hardiness conditions and characteristics of micro-morphology and molecular biolgical markers andCBW populations collected from different cotton regions in China, and division of theirresistance to insecticides, marine trapping data, sources analysis of pollens carried on the heads of CBW moths, as well as the labelling-release-recapture test in small scale, it was confirmed that CBW is a typical species possessing facultative migration ability, andthe CBW source of Liao River Valley Cotton Region, the most early maturing cotton region in Northeast China, might come from Yellow River Valley Cotton Region, and there might be frequent exchanges of CBW populations between neighboring cotton regions. The morphology and distribution of different kinds of olfactory sensilla on CBW antenna were observed. By using GC-EAG and GC-MS, the electro-physiological reactions of CBW to the extracts from different organs of a number of host plants were compared,and the components of volatile allelochemics in these extracts attractive to CBW mothwere determined. It was found that in cotton, most of the attactive allelochemics to CBW are terpenoids, in which the C10H16 terpenes possessing rather weak polarity can attract CBW moth to feed, while the sesquiterpenoids (C15H24) and other allelochemics possessing strong polarity can attract it to lay eggs. Methods for determining the components and contents of secondary metabolites in cotton plant suppressive to CBW, such as terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids were im-proved, the effects and interactions of different kinds of these metabolites on the development and reproduction of CBW were studied. Cross and back-cross methods were adopted to explore the genetic characteristic of resistance of cotton to CBW. On the other hand, artificial methods such as to spray the preparation of Bt transgenic Bacillus oiginally endogenous in cotton for promoting the resistance of cotton to CBW were tried. Finally, the factors causing the outbreaks of cotton bollowrom in China were analysed along four aspects, namely, the climate, nourishment, natural enemies and insecti-cide resistance. It could be said that the drought weather is the most important environmental condition of CBW cataclysm, the increasing fertility, especially the nitrogen fertility, is the main material basis making the CBW problem more and more important,and the unduly use of insecticides is the major man-made factor bringing about CBWpopulation out of control. |
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| Keywords: | cotton bollworm migration diapause plant allelochemics secondary metabolites of cotton resistance to insect factors of cataclysm |
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