| 蚊虫搜寻吸血寄主和产卵行为的调节因子及相关嗅觉机理 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜永均,吴仲南. 蚊虫搜寻吸血寄主和产卵行为的调节因子及相关嗅觉机理[J]. 昆虫学报, 2007, 50(10): 1060-1069 |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜永均 吴仲南 |
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| 作者单位： | 温州医学院健康与环境生态研究所,浙江温州,325035 |
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| 基金项目： | 致谢本文在撰稿过程中得到中国科学院遗传发育所林欣大博士及三位未名审阅者的讨论和修改,在此致谢. |
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| 摘 要： | 嗅觉在蚊虫的吸血寄主搜寻、产卵和糖源搜寻行为中起决定作用，而在交配行为中的作用并不清楚。本文系统全面地综述了近20年来蚊虫化学生态学和嗅觉识别的分子机理的研究。蚊虫的触角、下颚须和口喙上的嗅觉感器感觉环境中释放的各种挥发性化合物。气味分子与嗅觉气味结合蛋白和气味受体的结合所启动的一系列生化反应产生神经动作电位。蚊虫嗅觉神经元编码气味中化合物的组成、浓度及其暂时瞬间的浓度变化和空间分布。吸血前后神经元的活性在数量和质量上有变化，反映了蚊虫在搜寻吸血寄主和产卵行为上的调节。在吸血寄主搜寻中，人体和动物释放的二氧化碳、乳酸以及其他气味协同引诱蚊虫向目标气味源定向飞行，最后找到吸血寄主。而成熟产卵雌蚊是利用产卵场所释放的腐烂气味寻找适宜的产卵场所，一些蚊虫卵、幼虫或蛹分泌的产卵信息素引诱和刺激雌蚊产卵，并与产卵生境气味起协同作用。植物气味尤其是花香味引诱蚊虫找到蜜源。驱避剂也是直接或间接通过嗅觉起作用，一些驱蚊剂由于阻断嗅觉反应而抑制蚊虫的定向飞行。从植物、动物或人体以及产卵场所释放的气味中有望找到有效的引诱和驱避化合物。对蚊虫嗅觉识别机理的认识将使我们开发出有效的蚊虫诱捕技术，进而应用于种群监测和控制。
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| 关 键 词： | 蚊虫 化学信息素 吸血寄主搜寻 产卵 嗅觉 |
| 文章编号： | 0454-6296（2007）10-1060-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-04-29 |
Olfaction in chemically mediated host seeking and oviposition behavior of mosquitoes |
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| DU Yong-Jun,WU Zhong-Nan. Olfaction in chemically mediated host seeking and oviposition behavior of mosquitoes[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2007, 50(10): 1060-1069 |
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| Authors: | DU Yong-Jun WU Zhong-Nan |
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| Abstract: | Olfaction plays crucial role in mosquito host seeking,oviposition and searching for sugar sources. However, the role of semiochemicals in mating behavior remains speculative. In this paper we summarized the research on mosquito olfaction and chemical ecology in the past 20 years. The olfactory receptors in the sensilla of the antenna, maxillary palps and proboscis respond to the odors from the environment. The olfactory transduction and neural encoding and processing in the peripheral olfactory pathway start from the binding of odorant binding receptors (OBP) with odors. The changes in sensitivity and response profile of olfactory receptor neurons as a result of blood meal are involved in modulating behavior of mosquito females. The carbon dioxide, lactic acid and other odors released from animal and human skins attract mosquito upwind flight to the source in the host seeking. The volatiles from the oviposition site and the pheromone compounds originating from eggs, larvae and pupae have been found attractive to the gravid females. The plant volatiles especially the flower fragrance helps mosquito adults search for sugars. Current repellents act by interfering, directly or indirectly, with olfaction. Some repellents inhibit the mosquito orientation flight by impeding its olfaction. It could be promising to find the active substances in the odors from animals, human skins, plants or oviposition sites. The understanding of the olfactory mechanism can allow us to develop new and effective tools for mosquito surveillance and control. |
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| Keywords: | Mosquito semiochemicals host seeking oviposition olfaction |
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