Immobilization of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer coffer) in large numbers for veterinary research

Four hundred and eleven African buffaloes were immobilized with etorphine hydrochloride (M99, Reckitts) and sampled under difficult conditions in North Western Botswana. The buffaloes were darted from a helicopter in 36 days. 584 darts were fired giving a success rate of 70-5%. Various age groups in three separate buffalo populations were included. The technique and difficulties encountered when working from a helicopter are described. Mechanical failure of the darting equipment was negligible. A breakdown of the costs involved is given and a comparison made with similar work carried out solely from land vehicles.