汉坦病毒空气传播感染的实验室和野外采样研究

本项研究是通过动物实验和现场采样研究汉坦病毒气溶胶传播感染。用感染的黑线姬鼠排泄物自然形成的病毒气溶胶进行实验。黑线姬鼠感染后第5天放入离乳小鼠和乳小鼠，暴露10?d，检测不到抗体，感染后第7天，放入离乳小鼠和乳小鼠，暴露10?d，可以检测出抗体；黑线姬鼠在暴露15?d时，可以检测出抗体。可见黑线姬鼠感染后，第7天可能是它向体外排毒的一个时间标志，且形成的病毒气溶胶具有感染性。对现场采集的空气样品和收集的打谷者佩戴的口罩样品的研究发现，在稻田堆放的稻捆根部和鼠栖息的草窝的空气中每350L空气中和打谷场脱粒机附近每96L空气中，含有至少一个具有生物活性的汉坦病毒粒子。结合流行病学调查结果，可以判定，汉坦病毒经空气传播吸入感染可能是秋冬季节肾综合征出血热发病的主要传播途径。

Studies on Hantavirus Aerosol Transmission in Laboratory and the Field Sampling

Aerosol transmission of Hantavirus was studied by animal experiments in laboratory and air sampling in the field. A. agrarius were subcutaneously inoculated hantavirus, breed in the chamber of the upwind and saved as the sources of virus aerosol. Sucking mice, weanling mice and A. agrarius were put in the chamber of the downwind after the different days of infected A. agrarius were breed. Two chambers were parted by the stainless steel net. The results suggested that the seventh day could be the time sign that infected A. agrarius delivered infectious virus aerosol. The epidemiological investigation of the field suggested that there may have an infectious virus unit at least, in 96L air by threshing machine and 350L air by the nest of A. agrarius, respectively. We believe this study may provide evidence that the aerosol transmission of hantavirus is probably a main route of transmission for hantviruses in autumn and winter.