香格里拉县小型兽类垂直空间生态位初步研究

2011年6～7月采用铗夜法,对云南香格里拉县海拔2500～4500 m范围内的小型兽类进行了调查,并分析了群落中各物种的空间生态位宽度指数和生态位重叠指数大小与其沿海拔梯度分布的关系及对空间资源的利用状况.共捕获19种275只小型兽类,其中社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)、中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、大耳姬鼠(A.latronum)、齐氏姬鼠(A.chevrieri)、藏鼠兔(Ochotona thibetana)、西南绒鼠(Eothenomys custos)和大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)分布的海拔梯度跨度最大,分布范围较广,占据垂直空间生态位宽,是当地小型兽类群落的优势种.19种小型兽类的空间生态位重叠幅度差异很大,大绒鼠(E.miletus)、灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)、中麝鼩(C.russula vorax)的空间生态位完全重叠；大足鼠、齐氏姬鼠与滇攀鼠(Vernany fulva)、克氏田鼠(Microtus clarkei)、隐纹花松鼠(Tamiops swinhoei)、珀氏长吻松鼠(Dremomys pernyi)、灰鼯鼠(Petaurista xanthatis)、印度长尾鼩(Soriculus leucops)空间生态位完全不重叠.

Preliminary Study on Vertical Spatial Niche of Small Mammals in Shangrila County of Yunnan Province

Small mammals were trapped in altitude range of 2 500-4 500 m in Shangrila from June to July 2011 to analyzed the spatial niche breadth of each species and niche overlap between species. A total of 19 species of 275 small mammal specimen was captured, among them Niviventer confucianus, Apodemus draco, A.latronum, A.chevrieri, Ochotona thibetana, Eothenomys custos, and Rattus nitidus were species that distribute most widely at altitude range, therefore they were dominant species in the small mammal community at local area. The spatial niche overlap between the 19 small mammals varied greatly. The spatial niche of E.miletus, Crocidura attenuata and C.russula vorax completely overlapped, while the special niche of R.nitidus, A.chevrieri, Vernany fulva, Microtus clarkei, Tamiops swinhoei, Dremomys pernyi, Petaurista xanthotis and Soriculus leucops were not overlapped.