基于线粒体ND2基因全序列探讨陕西红碱淖湿地繁殖鸥类的系统发育地位

本文对采自陕西红碱淖湿地繁殖的遗鸥(Larus relictus)、棕头鸥(L.brunnicephalus)、普通燕鸥(Sterna hirundo)和鸥嘴噪鸥(Gelochlidon nilotica)线粒体ND2基因全序列进行了测定和分析.联合已知该基因全序列的其他44种鸟类,重建了48种鸟类51个体之间的系统发育关系,并确定了4种鸥在系统发育中的地位.结果表明,4种鸥ND2基因全长均为1 041 bp;ML、MP和Bayes树拓扑结构大致相同,支持遗鸥划归为黑头鸥族(Black-headed species),棕头鸥划归为面具鸥族(Masked species),棕头鸥较为原始；普通燕鸥和鸥嘴噪鸥均隶属于黑帽族(Black cap species),鸥嘴噪鸥较为原始,处于分支底部,普通燕鸥与黑枕燕鸥(S.sumatrana)及与北极燕鸥(S.paradisaea)、南美燕鸥(S.hirundinacea)、南极燕鸥(S.vittata)聚类分支亲缘关系较近,但未能明确其具体分类地位；由于样品缺乏,鸥科(Laridae)、燕鸥科(Sternidae)和剪嘴鸥科(Rynchopidae)拓扑结构未能正确解析.

Phylogenetic Status of Breeding Gulls in Hongjiannao Wetland Based on Complete Sequences of the Mitochondrial ND2 Gene

In order to reconstruct a phylogenetic relationship and explore their phylogenetic status of four gulls, the complete mitochondrial ND2 gene sequences of Larus relictus, L.brunnicephalus, Sterna hirundo and Gelochlidon nilotica, were amplified and analyzed by comparing with other 44 gull species as the outgroups. The results showed that the entire mitochondrial ND2 gene sequences of four gulls were all 1 041 bp in length. The topologies of phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on ML, MP and Bayes methods were similar, suggesting that L.relictus belonged to the Black-headed species. L.brunnicephalus is more primitive and should be classified into the Masked species. Our results also suggest that S.hirundo should be clustered to Black cap species with G.nilotica as the sister, and the G.nilotica is more primitive and located in the root of tree. S.hirundo is most related to S.sumatrana and the branch: S.paradisaea, S.hirundinacea, S.vittata, showing a polyphyletic relationship. The specific status of S.hirundo is not clear. The relationship of Laridae, Sternidae, and Rynchopidae can not determined owning to the lack of samples.