云南云县黑喉山鹪莺繁殖生态初报

2016年3~9月对云南云县中岭岗村(24°15′42″N,100°02′42″E,平均海拔1 650 m)的黑喉山鹪莺(Prinia atrogularis)繁殖生态进行了研究。研究期间共发现42巢,主要位于杂草丛中(n=37)和灌木丛(茶树)中(n=5),筑巢期一般5~6 d,巢材有蜘蛛丝、苔藓植物、茅草花、茅草叶、铁线莲花、竹根须、枯枝、棕丝、干枯草穗等。巢呈球状,中上部侧方开口,巢重为(8.3±1.7)g,巢长为(13.2±0.9)cm,宽为(8.2±0.5)cm,巢口长(4.9±0.7)cm,巢口宽为(4.0±0.5)cm(n=25)。窝卵数为(3.9±0.4)枚(n=21,3~4枚)。卵的底色为白色、淡绿或者淡粉,遍布褐红色斑点,有的在钝端呈环状。卵重为(1.38±0.09)g,卵长为(17.3±0.7)mm,宽为(12.6±0.3)mm,卵体积为(1.4±0.1)cm3(n=65)。孵卵期(13.9±0.9)d(n=5,13~15 d),育雏期为(13.5±1.3)d(n=4,12~15 d)。利用Logistic曲线拟合雏鸟体重及外部器官增长,雏鸟的体重和嘴峰在5日龄左右增长最快,体长、翼长、跗跖在7日龄增长最快。对繁殖时间和地点较近的28巢进行连续观察,其中有7巢成功、21巢失败。造成繁殖失败的主要原因分别是巢捕食(62%)、亲鸟弃巢(14%)、人为破坏(14%)。

Notes of Breeding Biology of Black-throated Prinia (Prinia atrogularis) at Yunxian County, Yunnan

As a common species in Yunxian County,Yunnan,little information is available concerning the breeding biology of Black-throated Prinia (Prinia atrogularis).From March to September in 2016,we conducted field studies on the Black-throated Prinia in this region.Logistic growth curve was used to fit the nestling weight and external organ growth data.The Black-throated Prinia bred from early March to late September in our study area.During the study period a total of 42 nests were found,mainly located in the weeds (n ＝ 37) (Fig.la) and shrubs (tea tree) (n ＝ 5).The process of nest building lasted 5 to 6 days,with both females and males involved.Nest materials included lichen,withe,slender root,fine grass leaves and stems,and so on.The shape of the nest was spherical,and the openings of the nests were in the middle and upper part of lateral side,with length of 4.9 ± 0.7 cm,and width of 4.0 ± 0.5 cm (n ＝ 25) (Fig.la).Nests weighted 8.3 ± 1.7 g,with length of 13.2 ± 0.9 cm,and width of 8.2 ± 0.5 cm.Female laid one egg every morning and the average clutch size was 3.9 eggs (3-4 eggs,n ＝ 21),with fresh weight of 1.38 ± 0.09 g,17.3 ± 0.7 mm × 12.6 ± 0.3 mm in size,and 1.4 ± 0.1 cm3 in volume (n ＝ 65) (Fig.lb).The incubation period was 13.9 ± 0.9 d (n ＝ 5,13-15 d).The nestling period was 13.5 ± 1.3 d (n ＝ 5,12-15 d).Logistic curve showed that nestling weight and culmen length grown fastest at about 5 days old,body length,wings,tarsus of nestling grown fastest at about 7 days old (Fig.2,3).14 of 42 nests were too far to observe their breeding results,for the 28 nests we monitored,7 succeeded and 21 failed.The main reasons for nest failure were predation (62％),nest desertion (14％) and human disturbance (14％).