上海城市绿地冬季鸟类群落特征与生境的关系

2005年11月至2006年2月对上海市区绿地鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类34种,隶属5目16科。研究发现冬季鸟类群落结构相对稳定,优势种为麻雀(Passer montanus)和白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)。冬季鸟类群落多样性受多种因素的影响,其中绿地面积、乔木盖度和栖息地类型多样性是影响鸟类多样性的关键因子。聚类结果表明,面积大、生境类型丰富及人为干扰相对较少的绿地,鸟类多样性高。因此提出如下建议:(1)增加城市中植物种类,特别是乡土物种,适当提高冬季常绿乔木以及乔、灌、草的比例;(2)在绿地中尽可能多地保留自然生境;(3)在城市绿地中适当开辟湿地生境,以吸引水鸟栖息。

Relationship between Avian Community and Habitat in Shanghai Urban Woodlots in Winter

The bird diversity at lawn and woodlots was investigated from November 2005 to February 2006 in 8 parks,Shanghai.Total 34 bird species,belonging to 16 families of 5 orders,were recorded.The avian community was relatively stable;Tree Sparrow(Passer montanu)and Light-vented Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinesis)were predominant in the study period.The diversity of urban avian community is affected by several factors,the size of woodlot;canopy cover and environment diversity were important one.Hierarchical cluster analysis suggests that higher avian diversity was expected in habitat with in large size woodlot,higher habitat diverse and less disturbance.It is suggested that environment richness,including to plant more species of tree,especially native species and evergreen trees in urban woodlots,to preserve the natural habitats and to create wetlands in appropriate woodlots would be important factors for the improvement of avian diversity in city park.