野生动物声音定位系统模拟实验及精度分析

声音通讯是动物交流的重要手段。利用声音定位野生动物,可以降低对动物的干扰,并且不受光线和生境的限制。2013年4~5月,在河南董寨国家级自然保护区利用鸣禽的鸣唱录音,检验了利用声音定位的精度。共选择4个样方,在样方的四个边角各放1台录音机,并在样方内随机选择播放点,播放雀形目鸟类的鸣唱。通过同一段声音到达不同录音机的时间差定位声源的位置,并与实际测量的位置相比较。结果得出5种鸣禽基于鸣声定位的平均精度为(1.89±0.99)m。本研究为该项技术在国内鸟类研究中的首次尝试,希望能为利用声音监测野生动物提供参考。

A Simulation Experiment on Acoustic Location System of Wildlife and Its Accuracy Analysis

Acoustic signal is important on animal communion. Using vocalizations of animal to locate the position of individuals is a non-invasive method, and it is more feasible to monitor the wildlife that inhabit thick vegetation or mainly active at night. The possibility of acoustic location was tested in field with songs of passerine birds in this study. The field simulation experiment was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan province during April and May in 2013. The experiment was conducted with 4 stereo recorders placed at the four corners of boundary of 4 square simulant territories of dense shrubs. The songs of 5 species of songbirds were played back at the sites that were selected randomly in the squares. With exploiting differences in sound arrival times at each recorder, we calculated the positions of acoustic sources, and compared them with the actual positions. The mean accuracy across five species was 1.89±0.99 m. We concluded that this system produced accurate location estimates based on multi-channel recordings of some types of acoustic signals. This study introduced a new technology and it might be useful to wildlife researchers.