北热带石灰岩地区红耳鹎的繁殖生态和巢址选择

热带鸟类的生活史进化策略与温带鸟类的不同,而迄今国内对热带鸟类的研究却非常缺乏,红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)在我国北热带地区分布广泛,是较为理想的研究对象。2010年至2014年春夏季,对北热带石灰岩地区红耳鹎的繁殖生态和巢址选择进行了研究。采用系统搜寻法并根据亲鸟行为寻巢,应用方差分析和主成分分析对相关数据进行处理。结果显示,红耳鹎的产卵期集中在4月中旬至5月下旬,喜筑巢于灌木和人工种植的苹婆(Sterculia nobilis)树。平均窝卵数为(3.4±0.5)枚(3~4枚),卵重(2.59±0.29)g,卵大小(21.10±1.73)mm×(15.35±1.50)mm(n=31)。总的繁殖成功率为36.16%,繁殖失败的主要原因是天敌捕食、弃巢和人为干扰。一年繁殖一次和较低的繁殖成功率是研究地的红耳鹎有较大窝卵数的主要原因。红耳鹎在巢址选择时主要考虑避雨因子、避敌因子和灌木因子。

Breeding Ecology and Nest Site Selection of Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) in Limestone Area,Northern Tropical Region of China

Tropical bird represents a different strategy in life history evolution compare to temperate bird, studies of tropical bird, however, was quilt shortage. Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) is a common species in northern tropical region which offer a good opportunity to study. In spring and summer of 2010-2014, the breeding ecology of Red-whiskered Bulbul was studied in Guangxi. Nests located by following nesting-related activities of the birds or systematically search potential nest site, ANVON and Principal component analysis were used to analysis the relative data in SPSS 17.0. Result suggest that the peak of egg-laying of Red-whiskered Bulbul is from the middle of April to the end of May and It prefers to build nests in shrub or artificial plant Sterculia nobilis(Fig 1d). Clutch size was 3 ~ 4 with an average of 3.31(n=31), egg mass 2.59 ± 0.29 g, length 21.10 ± 1.73 mm, breadth 15.35 ± 1.50 mm. Breeding success was 36.16% (Table 3), with the main loss caused by predation, nest desertion and human disturbance. The relatively higher clutch size of the bulbul was attributed to the single brood per year and lower breeding success. The main factors affecting the nest site selection were safety, desiccation and shrub(Table 1 and Table 2)