哺乳动物卵母细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡是发育过程中的基本生命现象，除各种体细胞凋亡外，生殖细胞的发生过程中也发生细胞凋亡。就雌性生殖系而言，细胞凋亡是其发育过程中的一个重要组成部分。在哺乳动物中，超过99．9％的雌性生殖细胞都会在卵子发生的不同阶段发生凋亡。有三种学说解释这一现象：1)被忽视死亡；2)因缺陷死亡；3)自我牺牲死亡。本文主要综述了哺乳动物卵母细胞凋亡的现象、卵母细胞凋亡学说、线粒体遗传与卵母细胞凋亡的关系以及凋亡的分子机理，同时还探讨了卵母细胞凋亡的生物学意义。

Advances in the Research of Oocyte Apoptosis in Mammals

Apoptosis is a fundamental life phenomenon during the development of various organisms. In addition to the somatic cell apoptosis, germ cell apoptosis also occurs in many kinds of animals. Apoptosis is essential to the female germ line development. In mammals, up to 99 9% of the female germ cells are lost through apoptosis during oogenesis. Three hypotheses were put forward to explain why germ cell death occurs in females: 1) death by neglect; 2) death by defect; 3) death by self sacrifice. The present paper reviews the oocyte apoptosis phenomenon, three hypotheses,the relation of mitochondria inheritance with oocyte apoptosis, and the molecular mechanism of oocyte apoptosis in mammals. The biological significance of oocyte apoptosis in mammals is also discussed.