铜尾矿复垦地土壤动物群落的恢复

土壤动物在退化生态系统的恢复与重建中发挥着重要作用.为了解铜尾矿复垦地区土壤动物群落特征的变化规律,采用样带法和陷阱法对安徽铜陵市林冲铜尾矿复垦地及其外围林灌地土壤动物群落进行调查.样带法共获得土壤动物3 154只,隶属5门10纲,共计27个类群,优势类群为线虫纲、弹尾目和蜱螨目,常见类群为猛水蚤目和鞘翅目幼虫；陷阱法共获得土壤动物2 160只,主要有弹尾目、膜翅目、双尾目、蜘蛛目、倍足纲和寡毛纲等12类群.自铜尾矿复垦地中心到外围林灌地,土壤动物密度和丰度呈递增趋势；与外围林灌地相比,铜尾矿复垦地土壤动物群落多样性DG指数较低而Shannon-Wiener指数较高；与外围林灌地距离越大,与外围林灌地群落相似性系数越小；表聚性越明显.地表土壤动物从外围林灌地迁入铜尾矿复垦地的多度和丰富度随间隔距离的增加而不断减少,随调查时间的延长而增加,随外围林灌类型的变化而变化.上述结果表明,铜尾矿复垦地及其外围林灌地土壤动物群落之间具有明显的时空差异性和渐变性,这为外围林灌地土壤动物迁入铜尾矿复垦地定居提供了证据.

Rehabilitation of Soil Fauna in Reclaimed Abandoned Land of Copper-mine-tailings

Soil fauna played an important role in the process of the degraded ecosystem rehabilitation and rebuild. To understand the variation characteristics of soil fauna community in reclaimed land that have been occupied by copper-mine-tailings, belt transect method and pitfall trapping test at Linchong reclaimed abandoned land of copper-mine-tailings (RALC) and suburbs forest and shrub land (SFSL) were used to investigated soil fauna communities in the city of Tongling, Anhui Province. A total of 3 154 individuals of soil fauna were collected which belonged to 27 genera, 5 phyla, 10 classes using belt transect method. Nematodes, Collembola and Acarina were the dominant groups, Harpacticoida and Coleoptera larvae were the frequent groups. A total of 2 160 individuals of soil fauna were collected which belonged to 12 genera mainly including the Collembola, Hymenoptera, Diplura, Araneae, Diplopoda and Oligochaeta using pitfall trapping test. The density and richness of soil fauna have the trend of constantly increasing from treatments of central RALC to that of SFSL. At treatments of RALC there was a low DG diversity index and a high Shannon-Wiener diversity index in comparison with that of SFSL. The greater the distance from treatments of RALC to that of SFSL, the smaller was the jaccard similarity coefficient (q) of treatments of RALC with that of SFSL and the more obvious was the surface aggregation of soil fauna in soil profile at treatments of RALC. The abundance and richness of ground-dwelling soil fauna immigrated from SFSL to RALC were constantly reducing by the increase of spacing distance, and were constantly increasing by the extending of investigation time, and were changing by the types of suburbs forest and shrub. The above results indicated that there were a very significant spatiotemporal differences and gradual changes of soil fauna community between RALC and SFSL which provided evidence for the immigration and colonization of soil fauna from SFSL to RALC.