中国鲤形目鱼类的中轴骨骼数及其生态适应性

为探讨中国鲤形目鱼类中轴骨骼数及其与系统发育和生态习性的相关性,采用X光透视照相法对157种鲤科(Cyprinidae)、鳅科(Cobitidae)、平鳍鳅科(Balitoridae)鱼类的脊椎骨数、肋骨数、尾椎数进行了比较分析。结果显示,中国鲤形目鱼类的脊椎骨数在30-52枚之间,均值39.45?4.44；肋骨数在8-28对之间,均值15.27?3.08；尾椎数在14-34枚之间,均值21.08?2.89。依据脊椎骨数、肋骨数、尾椎数对鲤科各亚科进行聚类,显示鲤科12个亚科分为2大类：雅罗鱼类,包括雅罗鱼亚科、鲌亚科、鲴亚科、裂腹鱼亚科等4亚科；鲃类,包括鲢亚科、鮈亚科、鱼丹亚科、鲃亚科、野鲮亚科、鳅鮀亚科、鲤亚科、鱊亚科等8亚科。单因素方差分析显示,鲤科肉食性鱼类的肋骨数与脊椎骨数的比值显著少于植食性鱼类(P＜0.05),而脊椎骨数、尾椎数则显著多于植食性鱼类(P＜0.05)。中上层鱼类的脊椎骨数、尾椎数显著多于下层鱼类(P＜0.05)。极小型鱼类的脊椎骨数、肋骨数,以及肋骨数与脊椎骨数之比显著少于大型鱼类(P＜0.05)。表明鲤科鱼类的中轴骨骼数与其系统发育和生态习性及体型具有明显的相关性。

The Number of Axial Skeleton from Cypriniformes and its Ecological Adaptability in China

To investigate the number of axial skeleton from Cypriniformes in China and its correlation with phylogenetic and ecological habits, we used X-ray photographic method to compare the number of vertebrae, ribs and caudal vertebrae of Cyprinidae, Cobitidae and Balitoridae. A total of 157 species were analyzed. The results showed that there were between 30 to 52 vertebrae, at an average of 39.45?4.44. The number of ribs was 8 to 28, with average of 15.27?3.08. Caudal vertebrae were 14 to 34, in number 21.08?2.89. Based on the cluster results of vertebrae, ribs and caudal vertebrae in number, the 12 subfamily of Cyprinidae was divided into two categories, Leuciscine and Barbini.The Leuciscine included Leuciscinae, Cultrinae, Xenocyprininae, Schizothoracinae.The Barbini included Danioninae, Hypophthalmichthyinae, Gobioninae, Gobiobotinae, Acheilognathinae, Barbinae, Labeoninae, Cyprininae. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that, the ratio of ribs to vertebrae in carnivorous fish was significantly lower than that in phytophagous fish(P<0.05), athough more vertebrae and caudal vertebrae were seen in carnivorous fish (P<0.05). The pelagic fish had less vertebrae and caudal vertebrae than that of demersal fish(P<0.05). Relative to large fish, minimal fish had less vertebrae, ribs and the ratio of ribs to vertebrae number was significantly lower (P<0.05). These observation suggested that the axial skeleton number of Cyprinidae closely correlated with phylogenetic, ecological habits and body size.