近10年秦皇岛两种鸟类春季迁徙 时间变化的差异性

气候变化对鸟类迁徙时间的影响是目前生态学研究的热点问题。本文利用鸟类环志的方法分析了2010至2019年河北秦皇岛两种鸟类春季迁徙时间变化趋势及其差异性,并进一步探讨了差异性的原因。选择环志数量较多的食虫鸟黄眉柳莺(Phylloscopus inornatus)和食谷鸟灰头鹀(Emberiza spodocephala)作为研究对象,分析了10年间两种鸟类春季迁徙到达时间、高峰期、离开时间和停歇天数的变化及其相关性。结果表明,10年间黄眉柳莺和灰头鹀春季迁徙到达时间、高峰期和离开时间都出现了提前现象。黄眉柳莺和灰头鹀在秦皇岛停歇天数都呈现缩短的趋势,黄眉柳莺到达时间与离开时间存在显著的正相关。两种候鸟春季迁徙时间出现这种变化的原因是由于秦皇岛环境温度呈现逐渐升高的趋势,促使各种植被群落和昆虫提前进入生长繁殖阶段,为春季提前迁徙而来的候鸟提供丰富的食物资源。黄眉柳莺春季迁徙期在秦皇岛采取“早到早走”的策略,提早到达繁殖地可以增加其繁殖成功率,有助于提高鸟类种群的生存率。

Differences in Migration Timing of Two Bird Species in Qinhuangdao Over a Decade

The effect of climate change on the timing of bird migration is a hot topic in avian ecology. We used the bird banding method to analyze differences in the spring migration timing of two bird species in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province from 2010 to 2019 (Fig. 1), and further discussed the reasons for the differences. We selected the insectivorous Yellow-browed Warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus) and granivorous Black-faced Bunting (Emberiza spodocephala) as the target species, and analyzed the changes of migration timing and their correlations in collected individuals with banding numbers. Advanced migration timing, including arrival date, peak periods, and departing date, and shortened residence days were found for these two migratory birds (Fig. 2, Fig. 3), and there were positive correlations between arrival and departing dates of the Yellow-browed Warbler (Table 1, Table 2). We suggest that the earlier growth and development of vegetable and insect food sources for these migratory birds facilitated their earlier arrival. In recent years, Yellow-browed Warblers have arrived in and departed earlier from Qinhuangdao; therefore, they should have arrived at their breeding sites earlier and possibly beneficial for their breeding success and survival rates.