水族馆不同年龄与发育状况的中华鲟呼吸频率及自发游速的观察

对北京海洋馆长期驯养的40尾不同年龄中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)的自发游泳速度和呼吸频率逐尾监测,比较性腺发育进入快速发育阶段(发育至Ⅱ期末至Ⅲ期)9尾的行为变化,为中华鲟安全驯养和健康评价建立依据。40尾个体均≥3龄,其中,3龄个体全长(122±12)cm,体重(8±2)kg(n=8),30龄以上的个体全长(335±8)cm,体重(220±15)kg(n=4)。所有40尾被测中华鲟的平均游泳速度(44.46±5.62)cm/s(范围30~60 cm/s),不同年龄组无显著差异(P0.05);呼吸频率随年龄增长显著下降(P0.05),接近性成熟年龄(17龄)后多处于10~20次/min,低龄组(3~7龄)多处于30~40次/min。性腺进入快速发育阶段个体的游泳速度与呼吸频率显著升高,平均增幅分别达到50%和60%。结果表明,可以按照年龄及发育阶段对中华鲟的游泳速度和呼吸频率分别制定参数值,为健康判断提供评价基础。

Free-swimming Velocity and Respiratory Frequency Related to the Age and Gonadual Development of Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in Aquarium

Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis),listed as the first level protected animals in China,is in extremely critically endangered status.The aquarium can be used as the major education and ex situ base for species conservation.In this study,the free-swimming velocity and respiratory frequency of 40 individuals distributed in 6 age groups (from 3 to above 30 years old) were observed respectively,and the behavioral changes of 9 sturgeons (♀ 6,♂ 3) in quickly gonadual development stage (from the later-stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅲ) were compared (Table 1),in order to find the rules of these parameters to make the baseline for perfecting the cultured technology.Among the 40 individuals,eight Sturgeons of them were 3-year old with a total length of 122 ± 12 cm,body weight 8 ± 2 kg (n =8);The sturgeons above 30 years,were 335 ± 8 cm in length and 220 ± 15 kg in weight (n =4) respectively (Table 2).The swimming velocity of all sturgeons was 44.46 ± 5.62 cm/s (range:30-60 cm/s),there were no significant differences between individuals in different age groups (P ＞ 0.05,Table 2).The respiratory frequency during swimming was decreased significantly with the increase of age (P ＜ 0.05),it was 10-20 times/min in the approaching mature age (17-year) and above,while it was 30-40 times/min in the younger groups (3-7 years) (Table 2).The swimming velocity and the respiratory frequency were significantly increased in quickly gonadual development stage when compared to the early stage of gonadual development,which were from 34.17 ± 10.06 cm/s to 47.32 ± 11.99 cm/s and from 17.3 ± 7.0 times/min to 30.7 ± 9.0 times/min,and the average enhanced percentages were 50％ and 60％ respectively.This indicated the swimming behavior of these animals changed significantly.As a result,the scope of the two behavior parameters can be set down with the age and development stage changing respectively,which can be used as the reference of the physical evaluation in the aquarium.