扎龙湿地白鹤春季停歇地昼间行为时间分配及活动规律

在2004年4～5月,采用瞬时扫描取样法对扎龙国家级自然保护区林甸芦苇沼泽区的野生白鹤(Grusleucogeranus)在春季迁徙停歇地的昼间各种行为进行了研究。结果表明,在整个观察时期内白鹤各种行为具有较强的规律性,活动时间分配比例为:觅食31%、游走27%、静栖19%、警戒17%、修饰6%。白鹤觅食行为在一天中有两个高峰,分别为早晨和黄昏;游走行为基本上与觅食行为呈正相变化,并且几乎每个游走高峰及低潮相应地伴随着觅食的高峰和低潮;由于渔民清晨下苇塘收鱼和放牧,在5:30～6:30和6:30～7:30两个时间段警戒行为比例最高;静栖行为基本与游走及觅食行为呈负相关,对比发现,静栖行为比例低于觅食行为,与笼养鹤类的情况存在一定的差异,原因可能是食物丰富度影响了野生状态下行为的时间分配;修饰行为所占比例较小,是由于修饰行为是非主要行为,其发生是随机的。天气状况对白鹤数量变化有一定影响,阴雨和大风天气,白鹤数量明显减少,鹤群转移。与正常天气情况相比,阴雨和大风对白鹤觅食、静栖和游走行为时间分配影响显著(P阴雨=0·000<0·05,P大风=0·000<0·05),觅食时间缩短,游走行为减少,静栖时间变长。

Time Budget and Activity Rhythm of Siberian Crane during Day at Stopover Site in Spring in Zhalong Wetland

From April to May in 2004,time budget of Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus) during day was investigated in the reed of Lindian in Zhalong Wetland,the stopover site on the way of migration by using instantaneous scanning sampling methods.The result indicate that Siberian Cranes spent 31% and 27% of their active time feeding and walking;resting,alert and preening only accounted 19%,17%,and 6% of activity duration.Their behaviors had stronger disciplines in whole observation period.Two peaks of feeding occurred in the morning and at dusk respectively;walking was positively related to feeding;alert peaked at 5:30-6:30 and 6:30-7:30 in the morning when local people made their fishing and herding;resting behavior was negative correlated to feeding and walking.The total duration of resting was less than that of feeding which is difference with the time budget of captivity cranes.The longer duration of resting in captive cranes may be due to food richness.Preening was the least behavior and occurred randomly.Weather has definite effect on the abundance of Siberian Cranes in the study area.The quantity of Siberian Cranes observed in the study area was markedly less in the rainfall and strong windy days.Bad weather also significantly influenced the time budget of feeding,resting,walking(P_ rain=0.000<0.05,P_ wind=0.000<0.05).They spent less time feeding and walking,and longer time resting.