湖南莽山国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源调查与分析

为掌握野生动物资源现状,促进自然保护区的有效管理,2008～2011年,作者每年在湖南莽山国家级自然保护区(以下简称莽山自然保护区)对10条调查样带(长3～6 km,单侧宽5 m)内的两栖动物资源进行实地调查,同时将该保护区海拔400～1 800 m的区域按200 m均匀地分为7个海拔小带,对两栖动物垂直分布特点进行研究。结果显示,莽山自然保护区现已记录两栖类36种,隶属2目7科。其中以蛙科17种和角蟾科6种为多;其动物区系组成以34种东洋界种类占明显优势,并以17种华中区与华南区共有种为主;有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物1种,中国特有种12种。寒露林蛙(Rana hanluica)、棘腹蛙(Paa boulengeri)和中国雨蛙(Hyla chinensis)为莽山自然保护区两栖动物新纪录。莽山自然保护区两栖动物垂直分布现象较明显,大致以海拔1 400 m为分界点,两栖动物物种组成有较大变化;海拔600～800 m小带的物种数最多。最后基于历史资料,分析了两栖动物多样性的历史变迁。

Amphibian Resources in Mangshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province

In order to understand the situation of wildlife resources and promote the effective management of nature reserve,we surveyed the amphibian resources 3 times by 10 transects (3-6 km length, 5 m unilateral width) in Mangshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province once a year from 2008 to 2011. The vertical distribution patterns of amphibians were analyzed by every 20 meters elevation change between the range of 400-1 800 m. Total of 36 species of amphibians belonging to 7 families of 2 orders were recorded in the field survey. The amphibian fauna was dominated by oriental species (34 species), of them 17 species distributed in both Central and South China. The vertical distribution of amphibians was obvious in the range 400-1 400 m in altitude. Moreover, the elevation with most species richness ranged of 600 m to 800 m. Rana hanluica, Paa boulengeri, and Hyla chinensis were firstly recorded in Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve. We also analyze the historical change of amphibian diversity with the historical data.