乌鸫的繁殖行为与坐巢行为初步观察

于2009年3～7月、2010年3～6月,采用焦点动物观察法和全事件行为记录法对乌鸫(Turdusmerula)的孵卵及育雏行为进行了研究。结果表明,乌鸫是雌鸟孵卵,在孵卵期出现卵损失现象,具补卵行为;孵卵前期与后期的坐巢行为存在差异,且其坐巢时间、频次和坐巢率有随孵卵数递增的趋势。双亲育雏但以雌鸟为主,喂食模式3种:雌鸟喂食、雄鸟喂食、雄鸟将食物递给雌鸟由雌鸟喂食。随着雏鸟日龄的增长,喂食次数增多,暖雏行为减少,至育雏后期未观察到暖雏行为。为权衡孵卵期和育雏前期的能量分配,乌鸫在孵卵期及育雏前期分别采取时间长而频次少和时间短而频次多的坐巢策略。

Breeding and Nest-sitting Behavior of Blackbirds Turdus merula

The incubation and brooding behavior of Blackbirds (Turdus merula)was observed with focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording methods in Ji'an,Jiangxi Province in two periods: from March to July 2009,and from March to June 2010.The results showed that the female was responsible for incubating.Blackbirds appeared a phenomenon of egg loss and had the egg supplement behavior in the incubation duration.The nest-sitting behavior among earlier stage and later stage of the incubation duration was discrepant,and which had an increasing trend with the increasing of incubation size respectively.Both parents brooding.Three feeding models were observed; female feeding,male feeding and female feeding with the food male brought.Although the feeding frequency increased and the warming reduced along with the growth of nestlings,warming behavior was not observed in the later stage of nestling duration.Blackbird adopted the longer time but less frequency nest-sitting strategy in the incubation duration and the shorter time but more frequency in the earlier stage of nestling duration,in order to get a trade-off about the distribution of the energy in nest-sitting in these two periods.