山西临汾市郊土壤动物生态分布特征

为了解临汾市郊土壤动物群落多样性及其生态分布特征,2009年4～10月间对山西省临汾市郊7个类型生境中(林地、农田、果园、道路绿化带、汾河滩涂废弃地、重金属污染区农田及林地)的土壤动物群落进行了调查,采用手拣法和干漏斗法,共捕获土壤动物个体5 842只,隶属4门9纲25目。优势类群为弹尾目、蜱螨目和膜翅目,常见类群14种,稀有类群8种。结果显示,土壤动物个体数量因季节不同呈现出一定规律性,即秋季春季夏季。土壤动物垂直分布上,非污染区的1、2、3号样地表聚性明显,中度污染区的4、5号样地表聚性不明显,重度污染区的6、7号样地出现了逆分布现象。在群落多样性指数方面,夏季除了均匀性指数外各项指数的波动比较大。在功能团方面,临汾市郊腐食性动物比例最高,尤其是在重金属污染区,腐食性动物占到了很大比例。而在绿色植物比较茂密的2号样地,植食性动物在数量上占优势。

Ecological Distribution of Soil Animals in Linfen Suburban

Community diversity and ecological distribution of soil animal in suburb of Linfen city was investigated by species surveying in 7 sites(woodland,farmland,orchard,road green belt,abandoned beach,heavy metal contaminated area of farmland and woodland)from April to October 2009.The soil in site 1,2,and 3 is not polluted,in site 4 and 5 is moderate polluted and in site 6 and 7 heavily polluted.We totally captured 5 842 individuals of soil animal,representing 4 Phyla,9 Classes,25 Orders.Three Order,Collembola,Acarina and Hymenoptera,were dominant,14 Orders were common and 8 Order rare in the samples.The individual abundance of soil animal was autumn> spring > summer.In the consideration of the soil animal vertical distribution,soil animals concentrated obviously in the surface layer(0-5 cm from surface) in site 1,2 and 3,while in site 4 and 5 soil animals were almost equally in the layer 0-5 cm,5-10 cm,and 10-15 cm from surface,then reduced in layer 15-20 cm;However,more individuals of soil animal were collected from layer 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm than from surface layer in site 6 and 7.Species diversity index(H’),dominant index(C),and richness index(D),varied more greatly in summer,while evenness index was relatively stable.The proportion of saprophagous animals was highest in the heavy metal polluted site,while phytophage animal was dominant in site 2 covered by wheat.