非人灵长类肠道菌群组成及影响因素

与其他哺乳动物一样,非人灵长类肠道内含有复杂的细菌群落,与其营养和健康密切相关。非人灵长类肠道菌群研究具有生态和保护的双重意义。近十几年来,得益于分子生物学研究方法的成熟和应用,非人灵长类肠道菌群研究发展迅速。本文总结了非人灵长类肠道菌群组成及其四个主要影响因素的最新研究成果。研究表明,非人灵长类肠道菌群基本上是由来自12个门的细菌组成的,其中,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是优势菌门。这些菌门包括数目繁杂的下级阶元,总体上,不同非人灵长类的肠道菌群组成在科和属水平上的相似度比在门水平上低得多。有些菌科和菌属在某些非人灵长类的肠道菌群中所占比例特别高,这些细菌往往与宿主的食物消化紧密相关。非人灵长类肠道菌群组成受到宿主种类及其系统发育关系、食性、年龄与性别、社会互动等因素的重要影响。最后,针对相关研究现状,本文提出了有待于深入探讨的研究问题。我国非人灵长类肠道菌群研究相对滞后,希望本文对推进国内相关研究有所贡献。

Gut Bacterial Composition and Its Influencing Factors of Non-human Primates

As in other mammals, the gut of non-human primates (NHPs) contains a complex bacterial community, which plays an important role in host nutrition and health. Studies of the gut bacterial community of NHPs bear both ecological and conservation significance. During the last decade, the knowledge on the gut bacterial community of NHPs has been rapidly accumulated due to the development and application of molecular methods. In the present article, we reviewed the recent findings on the gut bacterial composition and its four major influencing factors of NHPs. Previous studies have shown that in general, the bacterial community in the gut of NHPs is mainly composed of the members from 12 phyla, among which Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the predominant. These bacterial phyla contain numerous taxa at the lower taxonomical levels, and the similarities in the gut bacterial composition among different NHPs appear to be much lower at the family and genus levels than at the phylum level. Some families and genera account for particularly high proportions of the gut bacterial compositions in some NHPs species, and these bacteria are usually closely associated with food degradation of their hosts. The gut bacterial composition of NHPs is strongly influenced by host species and phylogeny, diet, age/sex, and social interactions. In the end, this article proposed several research aspects related to NHPs gut bacterial community that wait for future investigations. This review may contribute to the improvement of research on the gut bacterial community of NHPs in China, where such studies have relatively lagged behind.