蜘蛛丝的组成结构与生物学功能

蜘蛛是纺丝种类最多的一种节肢动物,目前共发现有8种丝腺,各纺出具有不同生物学功能的丝纤维,可分别用于织网、捕食、逃避、扩散、织制卵袋等行为活动。蜘蛛丝是一种天然的动物蛋白纤维,是随蜘蛛4亿年进化的结果,也是为蜘蛛的生存与繁殖所设计的,蜘蛛丝的适应与进化使蜘蛛丝具有多样化的生物学功能。但蜘蛛不是唯一能纺丝的节肢动物,除蛛形纲以外,还有其它很多节肢动物,如昆虫纲和多足纲的动物都有具有丝腺,能纺出一种或多种丝蛋白纤维。本文将以昆虫作为比较来概述蜘蛛丝腺的起源与种类,蜘蛛丝的化学组成、结构、种类与其生物学功能。

Composition,Structure and Biological Functions of Spider Silk

Spider is one species of the most spinning silk arthropods. Currently there are 8 kinds of silk glands, each with different biological functions, which used for some behavior activities of weaving nets, predation, escape, dispersal, woven eggs etc. Spider silk is a natural animal protein fiber, the result of 400 million years evolution of the spider, and it is also designed for the survival and reproduction of the spider. Adaptation and evolution of spider silk make itself have a variety of biological functions. But spider is not only spinning arthropod. Besides animal of Arachnids, there are many other arthropods, such as animal of Insecta and Myriapoda, have silk glands which can spin one or more kinds of silk protein fiber. Compared with insect, this paper will summarize the origin and types of spider silk gland, the composition,structure and varieties of spider silk fiber and their biological functions.