笼养鸳鸯肠道微生物组成及其 肠道疾病诱因的探讨

肠道微生物能够调节动物机体的物质与能量代谢,参与免疫和疾病预防,对于维持动物的正常生理活动至关重要。本研究通过高通量测序,对鸳鸯的肠道微生物进行分析,对患肠炎病的鸳鸯和健康群体的肠道微生物进行对比,尝试从微生物水平上揭示鸳鸯的致病机理。鸳鸯肠道微生物共鉴定出2020个操作分类单元(OTU),其序列相似性水平为97%。健康组和肠炎组共同的OTU数量为564个。健康组鸳鸯的微生物多样性指数与肠炎组之间无显著差异(Mann Whitney U test, p>0.05)。在门水平,鸳鸯的肠道微生物组成以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(73.46%),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(11.15%)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(8.72%)。在属水平,丰度最高的类别包括狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensustricto 1)(14.84%),库特氏菌属(Kurthia)(12.37%)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)(13.18%)等。健康组和肠炎组鸳鸯的肠道微生物组成间存在显著差异(Adonis,F=3.6087,p=0.009)。在肠炎组中共筛选出25个丰度显著高于健康组的类别,其中狭义梭菌属(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)、埃希氏志贺菌属和脱硫菌属的丰度最高(LDA>5,p<0.05),在肠道微生物区系中发挥着重要作用。

Gut Microbiota and Their Possible Correlation to Enteritis in Captive Aix galericulata

Gut microbiota regulates the material and energy metabolism of organism and participates in immunity and disease prevention, which is helpful to maintain the normal physiological activities of animals. In this study, based on high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the gut microbiota of Aix galericulata and compared the microbiota composition of enteritis group and healthy group to reveal the pathogenic mechanism from the microbial level. A total of 2020 operational taxon units (OTUs) were identified from the gut microbiota of Aix galericulata with 97% sequence similarity. The number of common OTUs in healthy group and enteritis group was 564. There was no significant difference in microbial diversity index between healthy group and enteritis group (Mann Whitney U test, P > 0.05). At phylum level, Firmicutes (73.46%), Bacteroidetes (11.15%) and Proteobacteria(8.72%) were the main composition in Aix galericulata in Aix galericulata and at genus level, Clostridium sensustricto 1 (14.84%),kurthia (12.37%) and Lactobacillus (13.18%) were the most abundant taxon. There was significant difference in gut composition between healthy group and enteritis group (Adonis, f = 3.6087, P = 0.009). Among them, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella and Desulfovibrio bacteria are the most abundant (LDA > 5, P < 0.05), which play important roles in the gut microbiota of Aix galericulata.