风力发电对鸟类的影响以及应对措施

风能是一种清洁而稳定的可再生能源,风力发电可以减少全球温室气体排放,在减缓气候变化中发挥重要作用。然而,风电场的建设会对自然保护、生态环境和动物生存会造成一定的负面影响,其中对鸟类的影响尤为突出。本文通过查阅欧美等国风电场对鸟类及野生动物影响的研究文献,总结了风电场对鸟类的生存、迁徙和栖息地环境的影响,以及导致鸟类与风电塔相撞的影响因素,并提出了相关防范措施和方法。近十年中国风力发电事业发展迅猛,已经成为世界上风电装机容量最大的国家,但中国在评估风电场发展对野生动物影响方面的研究工作非常匮乏。目前,我国应借鉴国外相关研究管理经验,通过长期的连续观测,认真评估国内正在运行和在建风电场对于鸟类和其他野生动物的影响及潜在威胁。同时,应重视鸟类迁徙的基础研究,为新建风电场选址提供科学方案,保证风力发电与生态环境保护之间的和谐发展。

Impact of Wind Farm on Birds and the Mitigation Strategies

Wind energy in addressing greenhouse gas emissions and high energy reliance is considered to be a stable strategy. However, wind power construction has a negative effect on nature conservation, environment and survival of wild animals, especially for the avian species. It is reported that millions of birds being killed by wind turbine every year around the world, the wind farm may also affect migratory birds and habitat utilization. Wind farms located on the route of migratory birds could bring enormous threats to bird migration, also, wind farm development could cause much habitat reduce and make the birds facing greater threats. Specific geographical conditions, the environment of wind farms and the characteristics of bird species are the main causes of the bird collision. Reasonable siting of wind farm before construction, the proper use of mitigation measures and compensation measures after the construction can effectively reduce the impact of wind power development on birds and other wildlife. This paper mainly introduce the influences of American and European wind farms on birds, summarize the causes, and discuss the strategies on how to reduce bird collisions in wind farms.