黄河三门峡库区越冬大天鹅的种群现状

2015年初,黄河三门峡库区发生了大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等野鸟感染高致病性禽流感病毒的疫情,我们通过对三门峡大天鹅越冬种群的监测和环志回收的分析,了解大天鹅的越冬种群现状和活动状况,希望研究结果有助于我国对大天鹅种群的保护。调查表明,近些年来大天鹅越冬种群数量呈上升趋势,特别是三门峡天鹅湖由2010年410只增加到2014年6 317只,大天鹅种群数量在12月中旬至翌年1月达到高峰,2月下旬陆续离开,至3月下旬全部北迁。根据彩色颈环标记的回收结果,大天鹅对三门峡库区作为越冬地的选择是较为稳定的,不同个体在库区内的各地点之间还存在游荡行为,此外,还观察到带有彩色颈环的119只个体,已经被证实是由蒙古北部和中部的19个湖泊迁徙而来。三门峡湿地公园大天鹅越冬种群数量增加较快,是由于湖泊水质改善且人为大量投食玉米饲料,吸引了众多大天鹅前来越冬。蒙古环志的大天鹅连续多年在三门峡库区越冬也间接反映了这里有良好的栖息环境和丰富的食物资源。然而,初步推测,2015年这次大天鹅感染禽流感病毒可能与种群密度过高有较大的关系,建议当地政府合理投食补饲,不要盲目追求较多的种群数量;同时采取合理有效的措施促进大天鹅种群扩散,如在附近建立适宜的栖息地,这对于大天鹅种群保护具有重要意义。

The Current Status of Wintering Population of Whooper Swan at Sanmenxia Reservoir Region, China

s: A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 infected by whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and other wild ducks outbroke in early 2015 at Sanmenxia Reservoir Region, China. In order to strengthen the avian influenza surveillance and prevention, we summarized the data of wintering whooper swans population surveys in 2010 and 2015, and analyzed the fidelity on wintering sites based on the color making resightings of whooper swans. A total of 119 individuals resighted at Sanmenxia were confirmed from 19 lakes at the northern and central Mongolia. Meanwhile, whooper swans also showed the better fidelity to Sanmenxia wintering sites, which may be related to its habitats suitability and food richness. According to our survey results, the numbers of wintering whooper swans population at Sanmenxia increased significantly in recent years, especially reached 6,317 individuals in early 2015, and many whooper swans at other wintering site were attracted here, as a result of the better water quality through the diverting Yellow River to Sanmenxia Reservoir and abundant corn food raised by local people, so it is assumed that the HPAI outbreak maybe related to higher population density. Finally, it is suggested that the local government should take effective measures such as establishing a new suitable habitat, to promote population dispersal of whooper swans.