松鼠生态学研究现状与展望

松鼠(Sciurus vulgaris)是一种广泛分布于欧亚大陆的树栖杂食性啮齿动物。在欧洲,由于入侵种北美灰松鼠(S.carolinensis)的引入,松鼠的数量急剧减少,松鼠的生态学研究受到广泛的关注。在中国,松鼠因贮食坚果的习性而受到重视。本文从个体生态学、种群生态学、种间关系和行为生态学的角度对松鼠生态学研究成果进行了综述。松鼠是哺乳动物生态学研究很好的模式种,以下5个方面的研究将成为松鼠生态学研究的新方向:(1)不同分布区松鼠的比较生态学;(2)与森林天然更新的关系;(3)集合种群动态及其对生境破碎化的响应;(4)分子系统地理学;(5)作为景观管理的实验种。

The Ecology of Eurasian Red Squirrels:Recent Advances and Future Prospects

The Eurasian Red Squirrel(Sciurus vulgaris),an omnivorous rodent in forests,distributes widely in Eurasia.In Europe,its population size decreased rapidly due to invading of Eastern Grey Squirrels(S.carolinensis).Therefore,the ecology of Eurasian Red Squirrels was concerned and intensively studied.In China,the ecological research on the Eurasian Red Squirrels focused on their hoarding behavior.This paper reviewed the achievements of ecological studies on autecology,population ecology,interspecific relationship and behavior ecology.Eurasian Red Squirrel can be used as a valuable model in mammalian ecological studies.For the further researches,the following fields should be focus on:(1)comparative ecology at different distribution regions,(2)role of Eurasian Red Squirrels in the natural forest regeneration,(3)metapopulation dynamics and its response to habitat fragmentation,(4)molecular phylogeography,and(5)as an experimental species in landscape management.