北京天坛公园鸟类群落结构调查

2003年5月至2006年12月在天坛公园进行鸟类调查163次,总计654.4h。共记录到鸟类130种,隶属于13目38科。天坛公园鸟类群落多样性最高在5月,最低在8月;均匀度冬、春季最高,夏季最低;优势度夏季最高,春季最低。同20世纪60～80年代相比,优势种的种数减少,现今仅有麻雀(Passer montanus)、灰喜鹊(Cyanopi cacyana)和喜鹊(Pica pica)3种。候鸟迁徙和留鸟群落内部种群数量的变化导致了天坛公园鸟类群落多样性的季节变化。报道了丝光椋鸟(Sturnia sericeus)在北京地区野外繁殖成功的记录。

An Investigation on the Community Structure of Birds at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing

The component of bird community was recorded in 163 times survey,totally 654.4 hours,at the Temple of Heaven,Beijing from May 2003 to Dec.2006.A total of 130 species,belonging to 38 families of 13 orders,were recorded.The bird diversity is highest in May,lowest in August.However,the evenness index is highest in Winter and Spring,and lowest in Summer.Correspondingly,the dominance index is highest in summer and lowest in Spring.Compared with the bird list got in the 60s to 80s of last century,the dominant bird species has decreased to 3 species,i.e.Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyana) and Common Magpie(Pica pica).The seasonal change of bird component is correlated with the duration of bird migration and with the population size changes of resident-bird seasonally.A successfully breeding of Silky Starling(Sturnia sericeus) has been reported in this paper.