福建及中国其他沿岸海域中国鲎资源分布现状调查

采用调访渔民、浅海底拖网、野外观测潮间带亲鲎产卵和幼鲎孵育情况等调查方法,重点调查了福建沿岸海域中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)资源分布和数量,并走访调查了浙江省、广东省、海南省、广西壮族自治区和台湾地区金门岛等地代表性的中国鲎栖息地,对中国沿岸海域中国鲎资源现状作了较全面的调查。结果表明,大部分海滩已多年未见中国鲎上岸产卵,中国鲎在上岸之前已被渔民通过底拖网捕获,能见到幼鲎的海滩寥寥无几,中国鲎已经从大部分海域消失,中国鲎资源量濒临枯竭。目前尚存少量中国鲎的海域主要是东山湾和北部湾海域。金门岛海域则因为人工放流和设立了中国鲎保护区,中国鲎资源得到较好的恢复。中国鲎资源衰竭的主要原因是人类的过度捕捞、栖息地的破坏和海域环境污染等。中国鲎资源的保护迫在眉睫。建议将中国鲎列入国家级重点保护动物名录,增设中国鲎自然保护区,加强渔业管理以及人工增殖放流等措施。

Distribution and Resource of Chinese Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) in Fujian and Other Coast Water of China

By interviewing local fishermen, we collected population status information of Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus)in the coasts of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan in the summer from 2006 to 2010 and we also visited 27 hatching sites in those coasts to survey the number of spawning adults and baby Horseshoe Crab hatched. We estimated the current resource of this species in Fujian by sampling them at 24 locations twice using shallow bottom trawling in summer 2006 and winter 2007, the results showed that local fishermen found out the population size of this species decrease greatly in most coasts of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan. No any spawning adults have been observed in the 27 hatching sites and few juveniles were found in 6 of the 27 sites. Fortunately at one more site (Zhangpugulei Fujian Province) we counted over 1 000 juveniles. The horseshoe crab almost disappears and is at the edge of extinction in most coast of China except for Dongshan Bay and Beibu Bay where a few Horseshoe Crabs have survived. However, the resource of Horseshoe Crab in the Coast of Kinmen Island of Taiwan has been recovered well due to artificial breeding and releasing, as well as the establishment of protected areas. The decline of Horseshoe Crab resource in China is mainly due to over-harvest, habitat destruction and marine environment pollution. This species is urgent to be protected. We suggest to include it in national key protection animals list, establish nature reserves at their hatching habitat, strengthen harvest regulation and conduct artificial propagation to protect this species.