AFLP分子标记技术及其在动物学研究中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性技术(AFLP)基于选择性扩增完全酶切消化后的基因组DNA片段，包括酶切与连接、选择性扩增、检测分析等3个步骤。该技术的运用不需要预知基因组的序列特征，具有较高的多态分辨力，产生的标记是显性标记，可适用于任何来源和各种复杂度的DNA。自AFLP技术问世以来，在酶切、扩增体系、检测和分析方法等方面不断得到改进。本文将以线虫、昆虫、鱼类、鸟类、家畜、鼠、人等为例，介绍近年来AHLP技术在动物或人的遗传图谱构建和QTL(quantitative trait loci)定位、生物多样性、性别决定和繁殖行为研究、疾病及疾病诊断研究等上的应用。

AFLP and Its Application in Zoological Research

The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique is based on the selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a total digested genomic DNA. The technique involves three steps: restriction of the DNA and ligation of oligonucleotide adapters, selective amplification of sets of restricted fragments, and gel analysis of the amplified fragments. The fragments generated by AFLP are dominant and powerful DNA molecular markers for polymorphism detection. This method is applicable to any organism without prior knowledge of its genomic makeup. Some modifications of the method have been adopted since the appearance of AFLP. In this review, we will briefly introduce the application of AFLP to the study of generating linkage maps, QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping, genetic variation, sex determination, breed behavior, disease and disease diagnoses with examples from nematodes, insects, fishes, birds, domestic animals, rats and humans.