鹌鹑、红嘴鸥、黑翅长脚鹬胚胎期 小肠黏膜表面形态结构

应用扫描电镜观察了鹌鹑（Coturnix coturnix）、红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）、黑翅长脚鹬（Himantopus himantopus）胚胎期小肠黏膜的形态变化。鹌鹑与红嘴鸥胚胎发育过程中,小肠黏膜形态结构可分为3个阶段。第一阶段为鹌鹑卵孵育第10 ~ 11天、红嘴鸥卵孵育第13 ~ 14天（相当于胚胎发育60%的阶段）,小肠黏膜为山脊状纵行皱襞;第二阶段为鹌鹑卵孵育第12 ~ 13天、红嘴鸥卵孵育第15 ~ 16天（相当于胚胎发育70%的阶段）,小肠黏膜为“W”形板状皱襞;第三阶段为鹌鹑卵孵育第14 ~ 17天、红嘴鸥卵孵育第17 ~ 22天（相当于胚胎发育到80% ~ 100%阶段）,小肠黏膜为指状绒毛。黑翅长脚鹬卵孵育第10天（相当于胚胎发育到60%的阶段）,小肠黏膜为山脊状纵行皱襞;从卵孵育第12天（相当于胚胎发育到70%的阶段）一直到孵出小肠黏膜均为“W”形板状皱襞。初步判断3种鸟小肠黏膜形态发生这种有规律的变化可能是鸟类对其祖先系统发育的重演。

Morphological Structure of Small Intestinal Mucosa in Embryos of Quail, Red-billed Gull and Black-winged Stilt

Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological structure of small intestinal mucosa in embryos of Quail (Coturnix coturnix), Red-billed Gull (Larus ridibundus) and Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus). The results showed that during embryonic development of the quail and the red-billed gull, the morphological structure of the small intestine mucosa experienced three stages. The first stage was from the 10th to 11th day of embryonic development in the quail and from the 13th to 14th day of embryonic development in the red-billed gull (equivalent to 60% of embryonic development), when the small intestine mucosa was ridge-like longitudinal plica (Fig. 1a, d, Fig. 2c); The second stage was from the 12th to 13th day of embryonic development in the quail and from the 15th to 16th day of embryonic development in the red-billed gull (equivalent to 70% of embryonic development), when the small intestine mucosa transformed into "W"-shaped fold (Fig. 1b, 1e, Fig. 2a); The third stage was from the 14th to 17th day of embryonic development in the quail and from the 17th to 22th day of embryonic development in the red-billed gull (equivalent to 80% of embryonic development), when the small intestinal mucosa showed finger-like structure (Fig. 1c, f, Fig. 2b, d). On the 10th day of incubation (equivalent to 60% of embryonic development), the small intestinal mucosa of the black-winged stilt was ridge-like longitudinal plica (Fig. 1g, Fig. 2e); From the 12th day of incubation (equivalent to 70% of embryonic development) to hatching, the small intestinal mucosa of the black-winged stilt maintained "W"-shaped fold (Fig. 1h, Fig. 2f). We preliminarily judge that the regular change of embryonic intestinal mucosal structure of birds belongs to the iterate of ancestral phylogeny.