沼水蛙繁殖期鸣声特征及鸣叫节律

鸣叫对无尾两栖类动物的生存与繁殖起重要作用。蛙类的鸣叫行为受到环境因素影响表现出一定的节律性。2016年8和9月，采用录音机和指向性话筒，在野外录制了57只沼水蛙（Hylarana guentheri）的鸣声并对其鸣声特征进行分析；通过悬挂录音笔和自动温湿度记录仪研究了沼水蛙鸣叫节律（17 d）及其与环境温度、相对湿度的关系。结果显示，沼水蛙的鸣声由1 ~ 4个音节组成，不同类型鸣声间的音节主频、音节时长存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。该物种全天具有鸣叫行为，13:00 ~ 14:00时为鸣叫高峰期。白天单音节鸣声、双音节鸣声、三音节鸣声、总鸣声和总音节的数量较夜晚显著增加（P < 0.01）。鸣声数量和音节数量均与环境温度呈正相关（P < 0.01）。结果表明，沼水蛙通过改变音节数量、音节主频和音节时长改变鸣叫策略。沼水蛙的鸣叫行为具有昼夜节律性且受环境温度的影响。

Acoustic Characteristics and Temporal Rhythms of the Calling Behavior of Hylarana guentheri during the Breeding Season

Acoustic communication plays an important role in the survival and reproduction of anurans. In anurans, the calling activity has a circadian rhythm that is affected by environmental factors and social context. In this study, we recorded the calls of 57 males of Hylarana guentheri, from August to September in 2016, to analyze their acoustic characteristics. We investigated the temporal rhythm of the calling behavior and the relationship with the air temperature and relative humidity (17 d). The results showed that the calls of H. guentheri were composed of from a single note to four notes (Fig. 1), the notes from different call types of H. guentheri differed in dominant frequency and duration (P < 0.05) (Games-Howell test, Table 1). The calling activity occurred from day to night, with a peak at 13:00 - 14:00 (Fig. 2). Moreover, the number of call in single-note calls, two-note calls, three-note calls, total calls and total notes were greater during the day than at night (P < 0.01) (Mann-Whitney U test, Table 2). Furthermore, the calling activity of H. guentheri was affected by the air temperature (P < 0.01) (Spearman correlation analysis, Fig. 3). The results showed that the strategy of call was changed by changing the number of notes, dominant frequency of notes and duration of notes. The calling activity of H. guentheri followed circadian rhythm, and affected by air temperature.