水族馆养殖中华鲟血细胞指标的变化

血细胞是临床健康的重要指标。本文对北京海洋馆养殖的40尾中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）外周血细胞组成进行研究，研究对象包括超过30龄、18龄、16龄、15龄、11龄、7龄和4龄共7个龄组，并分析比较不同年龄、性腺快速发育前后以及处于疾病前后血细胞指标变化，希望应用于健康评价。结果表明，1）外周血红细胞总数（RBC）平均为（5.56 ± 1.19）× 1011/L，18龄和11龄与其他龄组之间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05），超过30龄组血细胞比积（HCT）和血红蛋白（HB）值显著高于其他龄组（P < 0.05）；2）白细胞总数（WBC）平均为（16.53 ± 4.94）× 109/L，18龄与4龄间存在显著差异，且分别与其他龄组间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）。3）白细胞分类计数（DLC）中各类型白细胞平均所占百分比分别为，大淋巴细胞（LLYM）5.26% ± 3.95%、小淋巴细胞（SLYM）77.74% ± 11.73%、嗜中性粒细胞（NEU）9.40% ± 7.98%、嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）1.90% ± 2.06%和单核细胞（MON）5.50% ± 4.00%，超过30龄和4龄间显著差异，且分别与其他龄组间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）。4）性腺进入快速发育阶段后，红细胞总数、血细胞比积和白细胞总数较发育前均显著增加（P < 0.05），血红蛋白值有增加但差异不显著。5）疾病中华鲟白细胞总数显著增高（P < 0.05）并伴随红细胞各指标降低，白细胞数增加幅度达90%，分类计数中中性粒细胞和单核细胞比例显著变化（P < 0.05）。中华鲟快速发育阶段及疾病状态的血细胞组成不同，血细胞密度的变化以及分类计数的差异可及时判断中华鲟健康状况，结果对中华鲟的健康评价与保育研究有重要的参考意义。

The Hematology of the Peripheral Blood Cells of Acipenser sinensis in Aquarium

Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is in extremely Critically Endangered status. The Beijing aquarium is used as the major education and ex situ base for support this conservation, where the sturgeon can be cared individually. The blood cell is an important indicator of clinical for healthy judgment. In this study, the peripheral blood cells of 40 sturgeons distributed in 7 age groups were studied, including the > 30a (from the wild samples), 18a, 16a, 15a, 11a, 7a and 4a. The changes of blood indexes at different ages, development stages and stages of disease were analyzed, in order to apply in the health evaluation. ANOVA was used to analyze the variance between different age groups. Paired-Samples T Test was conducted to analyze the difference before and after gonadal development and the difference before and after disease. The average concentration of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC) and thrombocytes were 5.56 ± 1.19 × 1011/L, 16.53 ± 4.94 × 109/L and 15.53 ± 15.82 × 109/L respectively. The differential leukocyte count (DLC) results showed that, the percentage of large lymphocyte (LLYM) was 5.26% ± 3.95%, small lymphocyte (SLYM) was 77.74% ± 11.73%, neutrophil (NEU) was 9.40% ± 7.98%, eosinophil (EOS) was 1.90% ± 2.06% and monocyte (MON) was 5.50% ± 4.00% respectively, and the results of different ages were in Table 2. The RBC of 18 age and 11 age groups showed significant differences with the rest of groups. The haematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HB) of > 30 age group had significant differences with other groups (P < 0.05, Table 2). The WBC of 18 age had significant difference with 4 age group, and they all had significant differences with the rest of groups (P < 0.05, Table 2). The neutrophil and lymphocyte of > 30 age had significant differences with 4 age group, and they all had significant differences with other groups (Table 2). In the quickly development stage of gonad, the average level of HCT was changed from 27.98% ± 6.77% to 39.67% ± 6.01%, the RBC was from 5.34 ± 1.30 × 108/ml to 7.50 ± 1.37 × 108/ml, and the WBC was from 11.15 ± 4.75 × 109/L to 22.00 ± 9.99 × 109/L, they were significantly increased than before (P < 0.05, Fig. 1), the average level of HB was from 74.32 ± 20.69 g/L to 90.71 ± 18.58 g/L and there was no significant difference. The WBC of diseased sturgeons was increased by 90%, which had significant difference with that before (P < 0.05, Fig. 2), and along with the decrease of RBC, HCT and HB. The differential leukocyte count (DLC) of diseased sturgeons changed significantly, primarily neutrophils and monocytes (Fig. 3). It concluded that the immune system of A. sinensis was mainly composed of lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes. The hematology of the peripheral blood cells of A. sinensis was different before and after the quickly gonadal development or when they were diseased, it can be used to judge the condition of A. sinensis in time. The results are important to the health assessment and conservation research of A. sinensis.