生物多样性-生产力关系研究进展——基于文献计量分析

生态系统的结构和功能是生态学研究的核心内容。早期基于野外调查的生态学研究强调生产力表征的环境梯度对生态系统结构的影响，而基于控制试验的生态学研究则强调生态系统结构变化对生态系统功能的影响。围绕这两类研究所支持理论间的争论是当前生态学的前沿、热点和难点，其中最具代表性的科学问题是生物多样性与以生产力为代表的生态系统功能间是否存在一般性关系。为深入了解生物多样性-生产力关系研究脉络，分析其对生态学研究范式与理论发展的影响以及对未来研究方向的启示，以Web of Science核心合集数据库中的相关文献为数据源，结合文献计量分析和文献综述，系统总结了多样性-生产力关系研究进展。结果表明：(1)生物多样性-生产力关系研究推动了生态学研究范式由以样带调查为主的观察性研究向以控制试验为主的实验性研究的转变，促进了全球联网控制试验研究的发展。(2)研究聚焦的生态系统类型由最初的北美普列利草原逐渐向其它草地、灌丛、森林等多样的生态系统过渡，研究结论及其生态学理论的普适性逐渐增强。(3)该研究推动了对生物多样性不同维度(如功能多样性和系统发育多样性)在生态系统中作用的认识，促进了学界对除生产功能外的生态...

Progress and future direction of biodiversity-productivity relationship research

The ecosystem structure and function are the foundation of ecological research. Initially, studies based on field surveys emphasized the influence of environmental gradients represented by productivity on the ecosystem structure, while later studies based on controlled experiments focused more on the biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning such as productivity. The long-standing debates over the hypotheses and research conclusions supported by these two types of research have been the hotspot and challenge in ecology for decades. Among them, the most intriguing research field might be whether a general relationship between biodiversity and productivity exists in natural ecosystems or not. With a thorough bibliometric analysis and literature review of the biodiversity-productivity relationship research based on the Web of Science Core Collection, this study aims to explore the research history of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, understand how it promotes the theories and paradigm shift of the ecological research, thus raising suggestions for future directions. Our results show that: (1) the biodiversity-productivity relationship study promotes the paradigm shift from observational research based on filed surveys to experimental studies based on controlled experiments, and inspires the development of global research networks such as the Nutrient Network (NutNet); (2) the studied ecosystems have expanded from prairie in North America to diverse ecosystems such as other grasslands (e.g. savanna and Eurasian Steppe), shrubs and forests, which enhances the universality of the conclusions and underlying mechanisms of the biodiversity-productivity relationship; (3) these studies promotes the understanding of the role of different biodiversity facets in maintaining ecosystem functions, e.g. functional and phylogenetic diversity, and stimulates the research on the ecosystem multifunctionality beyond the single function such as productivity; and (4) there are large differences in experimental design and theoretical framework among resource groups, particularly between the Northern Europe and the United States, leading to a fragmented research network which impedes the improvement and integration of different ecological hypotheses and probably contributes to the longstanding debates over the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Future ecological research should pay more attention to the boundaries and controlling factors of different hypotheses, thus allowing for an integration of different hypotheses with a single unified framework to understand the general relationship between ecosystem structure and function in natural ecosystems.