稻鸭共作对水稻条纹叶枯病发生规律的影响

由灰飞虱传毒危害的水稻条纹叶枯病是近年来在我国部分稻作区严重发生的病毒病害.作为稻作生产生态实践模式之一的稻鸭共作技术对稻田病虫草具有显著的控制效应,然而目前还没有关于稻鸭共作对灰飞虱和条纹叶枯病影响的报道.因此,于2004～2005年在南京农业大学东台试验场进行了田间实验,共设计了4个处理,分别为常规稻作区（不养鸭、施药）、稻鸭共作区（养鸭、不施药）和秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后大田稻鸭共作区（秧田覆盖防虫网、栽后稻田养鸭、不施药）和对照区（不养鸭、不施药）.结果表明：稻鸭共作以及秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后大田稻鸭共作处理对灰飞虱有显著的控制效应,因此也显著降低了两处理在水稻整个生长期间条纹叶枯病的发病率;稻鸭共作处理对条纹叶枯病的综合防效为79.44﹪,略高于常规稻作78.82﹪的防效,而秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后大田稻鸭共作处理对稻田灰飞虱和条纹叶枯病的防治效果最好,对条纹叶枯病的防效超过94.01﹪.总之,通过以上试验结果可知,稻鸭共作尤其是秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后稻鸭共作处理为防治条纹叶枯病提供了一条安全高效的生态控制途径.

Effects of rice-duck integrated farming on developing regularity of rice stripe disease

Rice stripe disease transmitted by brown planthopper is one of the most serious viral disease in some rice-growing areas of China in recent years.As an ecological practice of rice growing,rice-duck integrated farming has shown great effects on the controls of rice insects,diseases and weeds.However,there is no direct field evidence of the integrated farming effects on brown planthopper and rice stripe disease.Here we examined the effects of different rice-growing systems on controlling brown planthopper population and rice stripe disease in field experiments in Dongtai experimental station of Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu Province,China from 2004 to 2005.The treatments included Common rice production system(CR: no duck,spraying chemistry pesticide),Rice-duck integrated system(RD: with duck,no chemistry pesticide),Rice-duck integrated system with insect proof net during seedling stage(NRD: plants covered with insect proof net during the seedling stage plus the RD treatment) and Control system(CK: no duck,no insect proof net,no chemistry pesticide).Results showed that the RD and NRD treatments significantly reduced brown planthopper population,resulting in great decline in the incidence of rice stripe disease during all stages of rice growth.The highest reduction in brown planthopper population was found in the NRD treatment with over 94.01% reduction of rice stripe disease.The RD treatment decreased rice stripe disease incidence by 79.44%,higher than that in CR treatment(78.82%).The findings suggest that rice-duck integrated farming, especially plant covered with insect proof net cover during the seedling stage, is a safe and high efficiently ecological approach for controlling rice stripe disease in China.