近20年黄土高原生态系统服务研究进展

生态系统服务是自然生态系统及其物种提供的供给和维持人类生存的条件和过程，是人类通过生态系统的功能直接或间接得到的产品或服务，具有典型的区域性特征。黄土高原是黄河流域重要生态安全屏障，生态建设规模大、历时长，是我国生态系统服务研究的重要案例区。已有研究针对黄土高原生态系统服务进行物质量与价值量估算、权衡与协同关系识别和供需关系评估，但不同结论之间缺少归纳和对比。研究对近20年来黄土高原地区生态系统服务研究的文献总体特征和主要研究发现分析表明：相关中英文论文数量和被引频次整体呈上升趋势，研究内容上主要关注黄土高原生态系统服务的定量估算，近年来逐渐向生态系统服务权衡分析和供需关系评估拓展；黄土高原地区自退耕还林以来，各项生态系统服务总量呈上升趋势，呈现出东南增量较多、西北增量较少的空间格局；黄土高原地区供给服务和调节服务存在较明显的权衡关系，但在不同尺度上强度分异明显；区域内生态系统服务供给量和需求量均呈增加趋势，供需匹配状况具有明显时空差异。面向当前研究中物质量评估种类不足、价值量估算高度不确定、权衡与协同现象缺乏归因、空间流动性体现不足等问题，未来黄土高原生态系统服务研究有待加强面向生态...

Research progress on the ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau during the recent 20 years

Ecosystem services are the conditions and processes provided by natural ecosystems and their species that supply and sustain human existence, and are products or services that human received directly or indirectly through the functions of ecosystems. It has typically regional characteristics. The Loess Plateau is an important ecological security barrier in the Yellow River Basin, with a large scale and long duration of ecological construction, and is an important case area for ecosystem service research in China. Previous studies have estimated the value and quality of ecosystem services, identified their trade-offs and synergies, and evaluated their supply-demand relationship on the Loess Plateau. However, there is a lack of generalization and comparison among different conclusions. We analysed the main findings of the literature on ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau region over the past 20 years, and got the following results. The number of relevant papers in both English and Chinese have been generally increasing, as well as the frequency of citations. The research content was mainly concerned with the quantitative estimation of ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau, and it has gradually expanded to the analysis of ecosystem service trade-offs and the assessment of supply-demand relationship in recent years. Since the Grain-for-Green project, the vegetation cover of the Loess Plateau has increased and the total amount of ecosystem services has been on the rise, presenting a spatial pattern of more increased in the southeast and less increased in the northwest. There are clear trade-offs between provision and regulation services on the Loess Plateau, and the intensity varies apparently at different scales. Both the supply and demand of ecosystem services are increasing in the region, with clear spatial and temporal differences in their matching degree. To address the limitations of insufficient types of quality assessments, high uncertainty in value estimation, lack of attribution of trade-offs and synergies, and insufficient representation of spatial delivery, future research on ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau needs to strengthen the estimation of ecosystem service values towards the realization of ecological product value, improve the assessment of ecosystem service supply and demand from the perspective of spatial delivery, and enhance the simulation of ecosystem service trade-off scenarios to support territorial space optimization.