冬虫夏草发生的影响因子

作为青藏高原高寒草甸特有的生物资源，冬虫夏草具有重要的药用和经济价值。特殊的生存环境决定了冬虫夏草的珍稀，外力的干扰和任何环境因子的变化都可能影响冬虫夏草的发生。蝠蛾属昆虫幼虫是冬虫夏草发生的营养和物质基础；高海拔分布决定了冬虫夏草发生所需的特殊气候和土壤条件；草甸植物为蝠蛾幼虫提供了丰富的食物资源；各种不同类型的天敌通过致病、捕食或寄生等作用对蝠蛾种群产生调节作用；过载放牧严重影响草甸植被的生长发育，并对冬虫夏草适生地草甸环境产生破坏作用；掠夺式采挖既破坏了环境也打断了冬虫夏草菌完成正常世代发育的链条。本文对影响冬虫夏草发生的各种因子进行了总结和分析，并指出了现有研究中存在的问题，为进一步开展冬虫夏草资源的可持续利用研究并拓展现有研究思路提供参考。

Factors influencing the occurrence of Ophiocordyceps sinensis

As a characteristic bio-resource distributed in the Alpine-arctic Pastoral Zone of the Tibetan Plateau, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Os) plays an important role in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is significant for peasants and herdsmen to collect Os, as a main source of income, in this area. The special environmental condition determines the rarity of Os which is easily affected by external disturbance and any change of environmental factors. As host, Thitarodes larvae are the nutritional and material foundation of Os. Distribution of high altitude results in the special climates and soil conditions for Os occurring. Plants of Alpine Meadow provide Thitarodes larvae with rich diets. Natural enemies such as pathogens, predators and parasitoids regulate the population of Thitarodes species. Heavy grazing not only affects the growth and development of plants but also damages the ecological environment of Alpine Meadow. Excessive collection critically influences the development and reproduction of Os. The present paper summarized and analyzed the effects of factors mentioned above on the occurrence of Os and pointed out the major problems existing in the current research of Os. This might provide some new ideas for the further investigation of the sustainable utilization of Os.