我国畜禽生产体系中磷素平衡及其环境效应

通过畜禽生产体系磷素的实际流动过程——磷素输入和磷素输出,计算了畜禽生产体系磷素的去向,包括畜禽活体磷素去向,不同养殖方式粪尿磷素去向;并对畜禽粪尿回田、排入环境等状况进行了评价。结果表明,从动物体磷分配来说,畜禽活体带出的磷大部分分配在骨中,肉猪骨中的磷素占活体带出磷的71.5%,肉鸡骨中的磷素占活体带出磷的71.1%,肉牛骨中的磷素占活体带出磷的71.6%。计算还表明:蛋鸡和肉猪生产体系对环境造成的污染风险相对其他畜禽生产体系来说最大,中国2001年蛋鸡生产体系向环境排放磷量为30.8万t,占猪牛鸡向环境排放总磷量的43.0%;肉猪生产体系向环境排放磷量为15.3万t,占猪牛鸡向环境排放总磷量的21.3%。还对未来畜禽发展规模以及降低污染提出了一些建议。

Phosphorus balance and environmental effect of animal production in China

Phosphorus is not only an essential nutritional element for plants and animals,but it is also a significant factor in environmental pollution.Understanding phosphorus flow and balance in animal husbandry systems is very important for nutrient management on both a regional and national scale.Numerous research programs are underway to reduce pollution from animal excreta in North American and European countries such as the Netherlands,USA,Canada,Germany,Denmark,as well as in some countries of Africa.In China ...