应用寄生蜂和不育雄虫防控田间橘小实蝇

食品安全已成为当今社会广受关注的问题。尽管国内的一些学者就阿里山潜蝇茧蜂Fopius arisanus(Sonan)]和橘小实蝇SIT技术分别开展了不同程度的研究,然而关于应用该蜂和不育雄虫对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]进行田间联合防治的研究还未见相关报道。为此,为探讨天敌昆虫和雄性不育技术对橘小实蝇的田间综合治理(IPM)技术,开展了阿里山潜蝇茧蜂和橘小实蝇不育雄虫的田间释放试验:首先应用性引诱剂降低田间野生雄虫数量;而后,释放橘小实蝇不育雄虫,进一步降低田间橘小实蝇种群数量;最后,释放阿里山潜蝇茧蜂对田间残余的橘小实蝇卵进行追踪寄生,以达到持续控制的目的。通过监测整个防控期田间橘小实蝇的种群数量以及果实受害率和防治效果作为评价指标评价该防治方法的综合防治效果。结果表明:应用阿里山潜蝇茧蜂、橘小实蝇不育雄虫并配合引诱剂的综合措施对橘小实蝇的种群数量有明显控制作用,田间总体防治效果可达90%左右。此外,提出完善橘小实蝇田间防控措施的建议,并提出该研究的不足以及有待进一步开展研究的方向。

The field control of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) with parasitoid and sterile male

Although some Chinese scholars have conducted research related to the parasitoid wasp Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and sterile males of the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)], research related to the integrated control of B.dorsalis using both the parasitoid and sterile males of B.dorsalis has not yet been conducted.Three steps were used to achieve the goal of controlling B.dorsalis using the parasitoid wasp F.arisanus and sterile males of B.dorsalis.First, the size of the male fruit fly population was partially controlled using an attractant to initially reduce the size of the population.Second, the population was further controlled by releasing sterile males of B.dorsalis.Finally, the residual eggs of B.dorsalis in the field were parasitized by releasing F.arisanus.To evaluate the effects of this integrated pest management (IPM) system on controlling B.dorsalis populations, the effects of these three field-based control methods were evaluated by monitoring the population dynamics of B.dorsalis and by investigating the level of fruit damage in the field during the entire IPM process.Specifically, the results of paired-samples T-test were used to evaluate the differences in population dynamics between orchards that received different treatments.The average level of fruit damage and the effectiveness of the control methods were used to evaluate the overall control effectiveness of IPM in the field.The results show, first, that the population of B.dorsalis can be effectively reduced using an attractant.Second, controlling a population of B.dorsalis by releasing the parasitoid wasp F.arisanus and sterile males of B.dorsalis takes a long time and the effects are not immediately obvious.Third, using these two methods together in the field combined with use of an attractant played a significant role in controlling the population of B.dorsalis.Fourth, 90% total control effectiveness can be achieved with these methods.Last, some useful and effective methods for improving control of this pest were also proposed, and drawbacks of the methods used in this study were presented.Based on our results, we suggest successful IPM requires a population of B.dorsalis to first be reduced using an attractant about 1 month before releasing the parasitoid species and sterile males.Next, based on the limitations of this study, some suggestions for further research are presented.First, no uniform standard is available for the concentration or mixing of the attractant suspension in the traps, so this could be analyzed in future.Second, this test was carried out only in a valley, so the effectiveness of this IPM technique should be tested on other terrain.Third, additional testing should be conducted to perfect this IPM.For example, tests using only the parasitoid wasp or only sterile males will be done in future research.Also, future studies could test the effectiveness of releasing different numbers of the parasitoid and/or sterile males at different intervals as a single control measure.Also, studies analyzing and comparing of the economic benefits of different versions of this IPM should be conducted.