鄱阳湖自然保护区生态承载力

为了定量分析自然保护区的生态承载力变化情况,促进自然保护区的可持续发展,以鄱阳湖自然保护区为例,利用RS与GIS技术获取1985、1995、2005年3个年份的保护区土地利用变化情况,计算出相应年份的生态承载力,分析其动态变化和空间分异情况,并结合生态盈亏情况和生态协调情况,对保护区可持续发展进行评价。结果表明:鄱阳湖自然保护区成立以来,土地利用类型相对比较稳定,变化主要集中在草地(增加了15.22%)、水域(增加了7.05%)和未利用地(减少了18.19%);人均生态承载力在不断提高,3个年份的人均生态承载力分别为0.8284、0.8568、1.0534hm2。其中,保护区生态承载力较高的吴城镇、铁河乡、昌邑乡处于生态盈余状态,三角乡、沙湖乡处于生态持平,其他乡镇处于生态赤字。整体上,保护区东南面生态承载力较好,西北面生态承载力较弱,整个保护区生态协调度为1.414,处于可持续发展状态。

Dynamics analysis of the ecological capacity in Po-yang Lake Nature Reserve based on RS and GIS

In order to make a dynamic analysis of ecological capacity,to promote the sustainable development in the nature reserve,and to make Po-yang Lake Nature Reserve an example,the authors obtained information on the land use change in 1985,1995,2005 in Po-yang Lake Nature Reserve based on Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Information Systems(GIS).The ecological capacity were quantified using the ecological deficit and surplus by analyzing the development change,spatial characteristic,and the sustainable development status of the nature reserve.Results showed that the land use had been kept stable since the Po-yang Lake Nature Reserve came into existence in 1983.The change concentrated comparatively on grassland(increased 15.22%),water area(increased 7.05%) and unused land(decreased 18.19%).The ecological capacity improved from 1985 to 2005(the ecological capacity from 0.8284 hm2/cap to 0.8568 hm2/cap to 1.0534 hm2/cap).Among 9 villages and towns in the reserve,the ecological surplus villages and towns were Wucheng,Tiehe and Changyi,the ecological balance villages and towns were Sanjiao and Shahu,and others were in ecological deficit.In all of the nature reserve,the ecological capacity in the southeastern area was surplus but in contrast was deficit in the northwest.The degree of ecological harmony was 1.414,which proved that sustainable development in Po-yang Lake nature reserve was under sustainable status.