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饥饿和食物单宁酸对东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)食物摄入量和觅食行为的影响
引用本文:李俊年,刘季科,陶双伦.饥饿和食物单宁酸对东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)食物摄入量和觅食行为的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4478-4484.
作者姓名:李俊年  刘季科  陶双伦
作者单位:1. 吉首大学环境与资源学院,湖南吉首,416000
2. 浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州,310012
基金项目:国家自然科学基金;湖南省自然科学基金;湖南省教育厅资助项目
摘    要:实验室条件下,测定饥饿和食物单宁酸对东方田鼠食物摄入量和觅食行为的影响。结果表明,饥饿使实验个体的食物总摄入量增加,食物摄入率及口量大小随饥饿强度的增大而增加,而觅食频次则无显著改变,实验个体每取食回合的觅食时间呈缓慢增加的趋势,与对照组比较,觅食时间差异不显著。东方田鼠优先选择0%单宁酸食物,次为3%单宁酸食物,而对6%单宁酸食物的摄入量最少。在饥饿条件下,东方田鼠食物摄入率的增加主要源于其口量大小,觅食频次和觅摄食时间对食物摄入量增加的贡献不显著。在饥饿条件下,植食性小哺乳动物并未通过延长觅食时间,降低用于防卫、繁殖活动时间来增加食物摄入量,而是通过增加口量大小,提高其食物摄入率来满足其营养需要。验证了饥饿与植物次生化合物共同作用引起田鼠类动物生理的改变,能影响其食物摄入量及觅食行为的假设。

关 键 词:饥饿  东方田鼠  食物摄入量  觅食行为  单宁酸
文章编号:1000-0933(2007)11-4478-07
修稿时间:2006-10-10

Effects of hunger and tannic acid on food intake and foraging behavior in Microtus fortis
LI Jun-Nian,LIU Ji-Ke,TAO Shuang-Lun.Effects of hunger and tannic acid on food intake and foraging behavior in Microtus fortis[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4478-4484.
Authors:LI Jun-Nian  LIU Ji-Ke  TAO Shuang-Lun
Institution:1 College of Environment and Resources, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China 2 College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
Abstract:The study of food intake is a prominent field of research in ecology.Many hypotheses have postulated about the selective forces operating on the evolution of foraging strategies of mammalian herbivores and on the coevolution between plants and animals.Small rodents are continuously faced with the choice of selecting appropriate food.Feeding behaviors direct them to when,where,what,and how much to eat.Selection involves the choice of food and can be affected by factors such as food availability,nutritional content,plant defense,foraging experience and physiological status.Many studies have focused on animals' abilities to optimize their well-being and to reject food that is either poisonous or low in nutritional value.The physiological status of animals has been largely ignored in previous studies on food selection.The objective of this study was to test the influence of hunger and plant secondary compounds on the food selection of foraging behavior.From June to July,2001,experiments were performed in Microtus fortis to determine the effect of huger and plant secondary compounds on their food selection and foraging behavior.The voles were captured in Dongting Lake area,Hunan province in May,2006.The voles were first offered food ad libitum for a period of four days.Food intake was recorded daily for calculation of average food intake by each vole.To determine the amount of food to be provided during a following 3-d starvation period,the calculated average food intake was multiplied by a hunger index ranging from 0,25,50,75,100.The index 0 represented a complete deprivation of food and index 100 an ad libitum food supply.The voles were kept individually in fiberglass boxes with the lid removed in a dark room and behavior observation were made with the aid of an infrared night vision system.When the feeding bout ended,the animals were removed and the amount of food eaten was determined.Measurements were made for 2-4 feeding bouts per animal per night over 4 consecutive nights.The results indicated that hunger increased food intake,but had no significant effects on food selection.Ingesting rate and biting size of voles increased with severity of hunger,but the feeding frequency was not significant affected by hunger,and the time of feeding bout increased slowly.When the food vole had is as more 25% times as that of the food they had when they freely accessing to the food,the time of feeding bout of hunger voles were significantly increased.These results suggested that voles increased their food intake mainly by increasing bite size when they were in hunger.The changes of foraging behavior indicated that herbivores increased their bite sizes and food intake rate to satisfy their nutritional demands rather than prolonged their foraging time,decreasing the time for defending or reproductive activities.
Keywords:food intake  foraging behavior  Microtus fortis  hunger  tannic acid
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