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西双版纳勐仑地区景观格局变化定量分析
引用本文:刘文俊,马友鑫,胡华斌,曹敏,李红梅.西双版纳勐仑地区景观格局变化定量分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3088-3097.
作者姓名:刘文俊  马友鑫  胡华斌  曹敏  李红梅
作者单位:中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明,650223
基金项目:科技部国际科技合作项目
摘    要:利用景观空间格局定量化分析软件FRAGSTATS和西双版纳勐仑地区1988、2003年两期Landsat影像解译结果,定量分析和比较了两时期景观格局的组成、各类型斑块特征、不同类型斑块间空间分布关系及其动态变化,并进一步分析了其生态效应.结果表明,15年来研究区内以经济林为主的人工景观组分剧烈增加,景观多样性上升;橡胶园等人工种植园地的扩张使得有林地破碎化:平均斑块面积由44km2减至21km2,斑块数由368增至441,同时边缘密度增加;导致其核心区缩小,斑块连接度下降;城镇建设用地的扩展也使得耕地(主要是水田)趋于破碎化.景观中不同斑块的交错分布格局也趋于简单.人工经济林的大面积发展和城市化使该区景观中人为影响显著增强,并产生了生物生境恶化及生态环境质量下降等不良生态效应.未来土地利用规划中应借鉴景观生态学原则,以尽量减少对生态环境的进一步破坏.

关 键 词:景观制图  景观指数  生态效应
文章编号:1000-0933(2006)09-3088-10
收稿时间:2005-07-11
修稿时间:2005-07-112006-03-10

A quantitative analysis on the landscape pattern change in Menglun, Xishuangbanna, China
LIU Wenjun,MA Youxin,HU Huabin,CAO Min and LI Hongmei.A quantitative analysis on the landscape pattern change in Menglun, Xishuangbanna, China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(9):3088-3097.
Authors:LIU Wenjun  MA Youxin  HU Huabin  CAO Min and LI Hongmei
Institution:Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
Abstract:Menglun Township in Xishuangbanna is located in the tropical rain forest region of Southern Yunnan,China.Biodiversity is high in Menglun,and it is representative of other areas within Xishuangbanna because they have similar environment conditions,ethnic culture and economy development.Although part of the Xishuangbanna National Reserve is located within Menglun,pressure from population growth and economic development,particularly the expansion of cash crop,have greatly modified the landscape,resulting in significant forest fragmentation.The change in landscape spatial pattern between 1988 and 2003 were analyzed using Landsat TM/ETM images and the program FRAGSTATS.Landscape diversity,patch characteristics,and the spatial distribution attributes of different landscape elements were analyzed quantitatively and their changes over time were compared.Most indices are presented for the landscape and class level to show the overall characteristics of the landscape.Indices at the patch level were mainly used to calculate the average value for each class.Human dominated land-use classes(e.g.rubber plantation,orchard and urban areas) have greatly increased.The area of rubber plantation exceeded forested area and became the largest land cover category in 2003.This resulted in a more even distribution of the major landscape elements,and thus there was an increase in the landscape diversity and evenness indices.The expansion of rubber plantation fragmented forested areas,increased the number of the patches from 368 to 441,and reduced the mean patch sizes from 44 km~2 to 21 km~2.The shape of the largest patch was simplified,and as a result,the core area(with edge depth of 20 m) of forested area decreased and became functionally isolated.The spatial context of other landscape elements also changed.With the exception of rubber plantations,most of the other landscape elements have fewer chances to intersperse with each other.In conclusion,the major factor influencing these changes has been the spread of rubber plantations. If this trend continues,we can expect further deterioration of the regional environment.Rational land-use planning is needed to prevent the further fragmentation of forested area and preserve the functional connection between forest patches based on landscape ecology theory.
Keywords:FRAGSTATS
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