中国国家级湿地公园运行现状、区域分布格局与类型划分

对湿地公园的概念进行了探讨,对中国国家级湿地公园建设运行现状及其成因进行了总结,对湿地公园类型划分进行了研究,对两类中国国家级湿地公园地理分布格局进行了构建分析。结果表明:湿地公园概念需从学术层面统一界定;中国国家级湿地公园获批门槛低、建设进程慢、区域发展差异大、建设类型多样化不足、专题研究匮乏;其原因主要在于起步晚,受经济发展水平、湿地资源状况、生态环境保护意识和能力等因素影响;国家应加强对湿地公园建设的宏观调控和指导,要注重质量建设和区域协调发展;类型划分是展示湿地公园类型多样性的重要环节,要优先建设不同类型的湿地公园。

Running status, distribution pattern and type classification of the state-level wetland parks in China

This paper explored the concept of wetland parks, summarized the current situation of wetland park construction and their causes of formation in China, studied the type classification of wetland parks and compared the distribution patterns of two types of the state-level wetland parks. The result showed that there is a great need for an academically identical definition for wetland parks. The resolution to the problem depended on clear explanation to the four parts of the peculiarity of wetland parks-research objects, development goals, research disciplines and geological regions. We proposed the so-called wetland park, which is the special area and has the ability to keep integrity of wetlands ecosystem. The protective application under suitable ecological design should be guided by the principle of education and popularization of science and the basic methods of application are entertainment and ecotourism. It was primarily the late beginning and such factors as economic development limitation, resource condition, and eco-environment protection consciousness and capability contributed to the low approval threshold, slow construction process, unbalanced regional development, low diversification of building types, and scarcity of monographic study of the state-level wetland parks in China. The state-level wetland parks on the planning stage can obtain approval of construction easily. The reason of no direct investment to construction from related departments caused that they have strove for financial source of construction independently. The result was that recently insufficient investment made construction of some state-level wetland parks staying on planning level. The lag of construction and some influences of economic development level, wetland resource distribution and consciousness and capability of environment protection contributed to unbalanced development of wetland parks in Chinese provinces. The lower consciousness on type classification of wetland resulted in the problems of unbalance between lag of monographic study on wetland parks and high speed of construction caused by travel boom to ecotourism of wetland parks. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the macroscopic control and the guidance of wetland park construction and pay more attention to the quality construction and harmonious regional-development. Type classification played an important role in displaying the diversity of wetland parks, and priority should be given to the construction of different types of wetland parks. We attempted to take some different methods in type classification of wetland parks. At last, we noted that some work should be done in construction of wetland parks- to unify concept and set up proper approval threshold; to regulate regional balance and increase type diversity; to enforce basic research and strengthen international propaganda.